Honors US History Test 6

Good Neighbor Policy

A foreign policy introduced by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 that emphasized non-intervention and cooperation with Latin American nations.

Neutrality Acts (1935, 1936, 1937)

Laws designed to keep the United States out of foreign wars by restricting arms sales, loans, and travel to nations involved in conflicts.

Appeasement

The policy of making concessions to aggressive nations in order to avoid war, especially toward Nazi Germany before World War II.

Lend-Lease Bill

A 1941 law allowing the U.S. to provide military aid and supplies to Allied nations without immediate payment.

Pearl Harbor

The Japanese surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, which led the United States to enter World War II.

Benito Mussolini

Fascist dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943.

Adolf Hitler

dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945.

Hitler-Stalin Pact

1939 nonaggression agreement between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.

Atlantic Charter

A 1941 declaration by Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill outlining goals for the postwar world.

Rome-Berlin Axis

The alliance formed between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany in 1936.

Muckrakers

Journalists who exposed corruption, unsafe conditions, and social problems during the Progressive Era.

Referendum

A direct vote by citizens on a proposed law or public policy.

Meat Inspection Act

A 1906 law requiring federal inspection of meat products to ensure safety and sanitation.

New Nationalism

Theodore Roosevelt's political program advocating stronger federal regulation of big business and social justice reforms.

New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson's reform program emphasizing small businesses, competition, and reduced corporate power.

Ida Tarbell

journalist who exposed abuses by Standard Oil.

Florence Kelley

fought for child labor laws and improved working conditions.

Frances Willard

led the Women's Christian Temperance Union and advocated women's rights.

Hiram Johnson

promoted Progressive reforms such as initiative, referendum, and recall.

Gifford Pinchot

leader in conservation and the first chief of the U.S. Forest Service.

Holding Companies

Corporations created to own stock in other companies and control them.

Adamson Act

A 1916 law establishing an eight-hour workday for railroad workers.

Jones Act

A 1916 law granting the Philippines greater self-government and promising eventual independence.

U-Boats

German submarines used during World War I and World War II.

Zimmermann Note

A 1917 German message proposing a military alliance with Mexico against the United States.

Alice Paul

major advocate for women's voting rights and the Equal Rights Amendment.

Nineteenth Amendment

The constitutional amendment (1920) granting women the right to vote.

War Industries Board

A government agency that coordinated industrial production during World War I.

Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act

A 1921 law providing federal funding for maternal and infant healthcare programs.

Treaty of Versailles

officially ended World War I and imposed penalties on Germany.

Brain Trust

A group of advisers who helped Franklin D. Roosevelt develop New Deal policies.

Dust Bowl

A period of severe dust storms and drought in the Great Plains during the 1930s.

Wagner Act

A 1935 law protecting workers' rights to organize unions and bargain collectively.

Hundred Days

The first three months of Roosevelt's presidency, marked by extensive New Deal legislation.

Fair Labor Standards Act

A 1938 law establishing minimum wage, maximum hours, and restrictions on child labor.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

president from 1933–1945 and created the New Deal.

Eleanor Roosevelt

influential First Lady and supporter of civil rights.

Mary McLeod Bethune

advised Roosevelt and promoted opportunities for African Americans.

Frances Perkins

the first woman to serve in a U.S. Cabinet position.

Harry Hopkins

a key adviser who directed relief programs.

Teller Amendment

A declaration that the United States would not annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War.

Boxer Rebellion

An anti-foreign uprising in China from 1899–1901.

Open Door Policy

A U.S. policy promoting equal trading rights in China for all nations.

Roosevelt Corollary

An extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserting the U.S. right to intervene in Latin America.

Rough Riders

A volunteer cavalry unit led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War.

William Taft

the 27th president and later Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

George Dewey

led the American victory at Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War.

John Hay

developed the Open Door Policy toward China.

Teddy Roosevelt

president from 1901–1909 and championed Progressive reforms.

Josiah Strong

supported American expansionism and missionary work.

Bolshevik Revolution

brought communists led by Vladimir Lenin to power in Russia.

Eighteenth Amendment

The constitutional amendment that established Prohibition in 1920.

Modernism

A cultural movement that embraced new ideas in art, literature, and science while challenging traditional beliefs

Teapot Dome

A scandal during the Harding administration involving bribery related to federal oil reserves.

Fundamentalism

A religious movement emphasizing a literal interpretation of the Bible.

Al Capone

notorious crime boss during Prohibition.

Langston Hughes

leading writer of the Harlem Renaissance.

Nicola Sacco

one of two men controversially convicted of murder in the Sacco-Vanzetti case.

Warren Harding

served as president from 1921–1923.

Henry Ford

revolutionized industry through the assembly line and mass production.

WACs

Women's Army Corps—women who served in noncombat roles in the U.S. Army during World War II.

WAVES

Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service—the women's branch of the U.S. Navy during World War II.

SPARs

The women's reserve branch of the U.S. Coast Guard during World War II.

Potsdam Conference

a meeting of Allied leaders to plan postwar Europe after Germany's defeat.

Code Talkers

Native American soldiers, especially Navajo, who used their language to transmit secure military messages during World War II.

Douglas MacArthur

a leading U.S. commander in the Pacific during World War II.

Dwight D. "Ike" Eisenhower

commanded Allied forces in Europe during World War II and later became president.

Harry S. Truman

became president in 1945 and authorized the use of atomic bombs against Japan.

Albert Einstein

scientist known for the theory of relativity and his role in encouraging atomic research.

Manhattan Project

the secret U.S.-led effort to develop the atomic bomb during World War II.