Mental Health and Psychological Disorders Lecture Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering the classification, perspectives, and specific categories of psychological disorders including anxiety, mood, and personality disorders.

Psychological Disorder

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion, regulation, or behavior.

Deviant

A behavior or mental state that varies from what typically happens or what is expected within a specific culture.

Distressful

A criterion for abnormal behavior where the conduct must be distressing for the individual and/or others.

Dysfunctional

Behavior that significantly interferes with daily activities that were otherwise normal and functional.

Dangerous

A criterion for abnormal behavior where the individual poses a danger to themselves or others.

Culture Bound Syndromes

Disorders that only seem to exist within certain cultures, illustrating how culture defines and contributes to mental health issues.

Hikikomori

A culture-bound syndrome found in Japan characterized by extreme social withdrawal.

DSM V

The American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, primarily used in the USA to standardize diagnosis.

ICD 11

The International Classification of Diseases, developed by the WHO and widely used throughout the world.

Stigma

A mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person that can lead to judgment and discrimination.

Biopsychosocial Approach

The perspective that mental disorders arise from the interaction between biological factors (nature), thoughts, and the sociocultural environment (nurture).

Eclectic Approach

A treatment method where psychologists draw from multiple perspectives and combine different theories to fit the needs of each individual.

Diathesis-Stress Model

A theory explaining that a disorder develops from a combination of a genetic vulnerability (diathesis) and stressful life events (trigger).

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)

A neurodevelopmental disorder marked by difficulty maintaining attention, hyperactive behavior, and impulsive actions.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication challenges, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A disorder marked by emotional-cognitive symptoms like 'free-floating' anxiety and physical symptoms like autonomic arousal and sleep disruption.

Panic Disorder

A condition characterized by repeated and unexpected panic attacks, along with a persistent fear of the next attack.

Specific Phobia

An uncontrollable, irrational, and intense desire to avoid a specific object or situation.

Agoraphobia

An intense fear of specific social situations like using public transportation or being in open spaces, where escape might be difficult.

Acrophobia

An abnormal and irrational fear of heights or high places.

Social Anxiety Disorder

An intense fear of being judged or watched by others in social settings.

Taijin kyofusho

A culture-bound anxiety disorder in Japan where individuals fear that others are judging their bodies as offensive or unpleasing.

Obsessions

Intense, unwanted worries, ideas, and images that repeatedly pop up in the mind.

Compulsions

A repeatedly strong feeling of needing to carry out an action, even when it does not seem to make sense.

Hoarding Disorder

An ongoing difficulty parting with possessions due to a belief that they need to be saved, causing distress when discarding them.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

A mood disorder characterized by two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, requiring either depressed mood or anhedonia.

Anhedonia

A markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities, frequently a symptom of depression.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)

Also known as dysthymia, a chronic and milder form of depression where symptoms last for at least two years.

Rumination

A social-cognitive factor in depression characterized by being stuck focusing on what is bad.

Bipolar Disorder

A disorder characterized by alternating periods of two polar opposite moods: depression and mania.

Mania

A period of hyper-elevated, euphoric, giddy, and impulsive mood often associated with bipolar disorder.

PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

A trauma-related disorder involving intrusive memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, hypervigilance, and sleep problems.

Schizophrenia

A disorder meaning 'split mind' where thoughts are split from reality, characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and inappropriate emotions.

Psychosis

A mental split from reality and rationality.

Hallucinations

Perceptual experiences not shared by others, such as hearing voices or seeing things that are not there.

Delusions

Illusory beliefs, identifying false perceptions of grandeur or persecution.

Flat Affect

A negative symptom of schizophrenia characterized by a lack of visible emotional expression on the face or body.

Word Salad

Disorganized speech consisting of loosely associated phrases common in schizophrenia.

Catatonia

A state of inappropriate actions where a person may sit motionless and unresponsive for hours.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (D.I.D.)

A rare disorder involving the development of separate, distinct personalities that are not present in consciousness at the same time.

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)

A Cluster B personality disorder involving social irresponsibility, criminal behavior, and a complete lack of remorse.

Borderline Personality Disorder

A Cluster B disorder marked by emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, fear of abandonment, and unstable relationships.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A disorder involving grandiosity, a strong need for admiration, and an exaggerated sense of achievement.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A psychological disorder where symptoms take a bodily form without an apparent physical cause.

Conversion Disorder

A disorder where a person experiences specific physical symptoms, such as blindness or paralysis, incompatible with medical conditions.

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Formerly hypochondriasis, a condition where normal physical sensations are interpreted as symptoms of a serious disease.

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder involving a compulsion to lose weight and being 15 percent or more underweight while maintaining a belief of being fat.

Bulimia Nervosa

A disorder marked by cycles of binging large amounts of food followed by purging via vomiting or laxatives.