Year 8 Biology Cells Test Revision Guide

Cell

The smallest unit of living organisms, composed of the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.

Prokaryotic cells

Simple cells without a distinct nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, e.g., bacteria.

Organelles

Specialized structures within cells that perform specific functions, e.g., mitochondrion.

Micron

A unit of length equal to one thousandth of a millimeter, used to measure cells.

Microscopes:

Light microscope

Uses light for magnification.

Monocular microscope

Has one objective lens.

Stereo microscope

Provides a 3D image with 2 eyepiece lenses.

Compound microscope

Contains multiple objective lenses.

Electron microscope

Uses electrons for high magnification.

Microscope magnification

Multiply the eyepiece lens power by the objective lens power.

7. What happens to the field of view of a microscope as the magnification increases?

Decreases as magnification increases, showing more detail.

slide

A slide is a flat, rectangular piece of glass or plastic used to hold a specimen

Plant vs

Differences in shape, membrane, organelles.

Fungal cells

Similarities and differences with plant and animal cells.

Cell types and functions

Muscle, nerve, blood, fat, skin, guard, xylem, phloem, root hair, palisade cells.

Sperm vs

Male reproductive cell differences.

Cell hierarchy

Organelles to organism in a flow diagram.

Stem cells

Undifferentiated cells with potential uses.

Cells and cancer

Uncontrolled cell growth leading to tumors.

Mitosis

Cell division for growth and repair in somatic cells.

Mitosis stages

Interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.