Chapter 12 Culture

Culture

nexus of complex social interactions which are in relation to symbols, emotions, ideas, and material object

why dont sociologists look at culture that much

1. political reasons and the way we construct in academia

2. culture is a process and a product

discursive resources

cultural, linguistic, and material tools—such as language, narratives, symbols, or images—used to construct meaning, identities, and social realities in communication

sociology of culture

focuses on the implicit construction ofculture. It seeks to identify and measure structures forming cultures and may be categorized as materialist. (ex: The social structure of patriarchy forms the culture of female subordination)

Cultural sociology

explicity focuses on culture

culture consists of

material matters, thoughts, habits, preferences, and ideol-ogy shared by a group of people.

form of culture: material/material culture/cultural artifacts.

physical items (ex: artwork, music. food, clothing)

nonmaterial culture

thoughts, values, preferences, habits, and distinctions of taste

in groups

those who share in the culture,

out groups

those who do not share the culture

counterculture

posed against the dominant culture

oppositional culture

a sociological theory suggesting that marginalized groups may form identities and behaviors that oppose dominant societal norms, often as a response to perceived structural discrimination or limited opportunities.

oppositional culture follows which theory?

functionalist

intentional communities,

collectives of people who share an ideology or moral outlook on life

Four major themes of sociology of culture

Production

Consumtpiion

Stratification

Social boundary making

Structure dictates the

degrees of freedom social actors have, that is, the number of possible actions to tak

Culture dictates

he strategies of action within the social structure.

Production studies generally focus on

industries where symbols are created and subse-quently, through consumption, are adopted by the public.

Cultural Hegemony Theory (antonio gramsci)

explains how one social class rules over other classes within society through a monopoly of mass media and cultural production. helps explain why marx revlotuion never happened

echo chamber

a feedback loop between production and consumption

The corporate concentrated control over symbol production means two things

(1) those who are not members of the in-group have difficulty getting their products onto the globalmarket and

(2) broadcasts are legitimized in themarketing process.

Only ______ percent of the top 1,200 popular films in 2018 had a gender-balanced cast

12.3

. Males were depicted ____ times for every female.

2.2

Less than ___ per-cent of films included a female lead or co-lead character.

40

Around a ____ of all speaking characters are female, fewer in action/adventure films, at 29 percent

third