Stoichiometry and Limiting Reactants in Chemical Reactions

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to stoichiometry, limiting reactants, yield calculations, and mole conversions in chemical reactions.

Theoretical yield

The maximum amount of product that can be formed in a chemical reaction based on stoichiometric calculations.

Limiting reactant

The reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction, thereby determining the maximum amount of product that can be formed.

Excess reactant

The reactant that is not completely used up in a reaction; it remains after the limiting reactant is exhausted.

Mole ratio

The ratio of moles of any two substances involved in a chemical reaction.

Molar mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

Percent yield

The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of the quantities of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

Mass-Mass calculations

Calculations that involve converting from the mass of one substance to the mass of another using molar mass and mole ratios.

Mass-Mole conversions

Calculations that involve converting from grams to moles or from moles to grams, often using molar mass.

Aluminum oxide

The product formed when aluminum reacts with oxygen.

Reactant in excess

The reactant that is present in a larger amount than necessary to completely react with the limiting reactant.

Experimental yield

The amount of product actually obtained from a reaction, which is typically less than the theoretical yield.

Stoichiometric calculations

Calculations based on the laws of conservation of mass and the mole ratio from a balanced chemical equation.

Calculating excess

Determining the amount of excess reactant left after the reaction is complete by subtracting the amount used from the initial amount.

Grams to moles

The process of converting mass (grams) to the amount of substance (moles) using the molar mass of the substance.