Anesthesia & Surgical Procedures

Abomasopexy

to fix RDA/LDA

paravertebral line or inverted L block

Celiotomy

Any surgery into the abdomen

Regional/ Line block, inverted L block

Ventral approach rare- Paralumbar fossa in flank region more common

Supernumerary Teats

Extra teats found on udders(interferes with milking machine)

Tx: ring block & sharp scissors

Tail Dock

Can do ring block

Banding or surgically

Cosmetic Dehorning Reasons/Pros

Best under 1 yr

Increased primary wound healing

Decreased frontal sinusitis/ hemorrhage

Cosmetic Dehorning Procedure

Clip, scrub, anesthesia

Incision on lateral and medial side of horn tapering together at both ends a half inch away from horn

Gigli wire and handles

Hammer and chisel

Flush NaCl

Remove vessels with forceps

Suture removed 2-3 weeks

Dehorning clipper with Keystones

Older cattle

local block

Clippers over base of horn with ¼ inch of skin

Dehorning with Barnes Dehorner

Calves 4-12 months age

Lifts horns out by the roots

Local block

Play handles together over the horn with ¼ - ½ inch skin

Electric Dehorning

Heat to burn growth tissue 3-4 seconds

goats caution - thin skull

male goats do second burning just caudal to get sweat glands

Tube Dehorning

Calves <60days or horns < 1- ½ inch

Tube over base with 1/8 skin push and twist- must go 1/8-3/8 inches deep

Rapid twist tube inward and down toward jaw

Pull vessels with forceps

Dehorning with Chemical / Caustic stick

Goats and dairy

1-2 weeks of age

Chemical burns growth tissue

Vaseline around hair to prevent spread

Dehorning Purpose

Decrease injury to handler

Decrease injury/ bruising to animals

They require more space

Harder handling when treating

Dehorning-Normal Horn

Similar to thoof growth

Made of horny keratin

Hollow & direct communication with frontal sinus

Must remove cornium to prevent growth

Dehorning Contraindications

Dont do during fly season

Do early in life as possible ( increased blood flow & exposure of sinus cavity )

Dehorning Local Anesthesia

Cornual block with lidocaine

Needle through skin between lateral canthus of eye and base of horn

Fan method depositing 5-10mls

Pulling out inject last 2mls in SQ space

*Wait 5-10 minutes before doing procedure

Castration- Block

Scrotal neck or testicular

Castration- Banding

Closed technique

No anesthesia or incision

Castration- Bordizzo

Closed technique, crushes spermatic cord

Castration- Emasculator

Open technique

Hemostasis and cutting

Surgical Scrubs (2)

1. Rough scrub- 3 min. or 3 full scrubs

2.Sterile scrub

General Anesthesia Preanesthesia

Calves <2 months treat like monogastric

NPO calves(2-4months): 2-8 hrs

4-6 months: 12-18hrs food & 8-12 water

Adults:24-48hrs food & 18-24 water

Injectable Anesthesia

Mostly light to keep animal standing

Most extra label usage

Avoid dorsal recumbency

Complete anesthesia must intubate

Local Anesthesia Block- Topical

Gels or squirtting in open wound

Local Anesthesia Block- Intrasynovial

Surgical prep, inject into joint space

Local Anesthesia Block- Infiltrative

Injecting into skin and muscle around incision

Line, inverted or ring blocks

Local Anesthesia Block- Intravenous Regional

Tourniquet, lidocaine into vein SLOWLY release tourniquet can affect CVS

Local Anesthesia Block- Regional

Inject into nerve plexus or root

Paravertebral

Local Anesthesia Block- Spinal/ Epidural

Spinal and epidural..duh

Passive regurgitators

Prone to bloat, neuropathies, myopathies when recumbent

Local anesthesia preferred

Sedatives and tranquilizers depress GI motility increasing risk of rumen tympany ( bloat )

Little to no recovery time and anesthetic risk