Chapter 16: Acid-Base Equilibria

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to acid-base equilibria, providing definitions and explanations that are crucial for understanding the topic.

Acid

A substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

Base

A substance that increases the concentration of OH- ions in a solution.

pH Scale

A logarithmic scale used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.

Strong Acid

An acid that completely dissociates in a solution, resulting in 100% yield of H+ ions.

Weak Acid

An acid that partially dissociates in a solution, resulting in an equilibrium between undissociated acid and its ions.

Weak Base

A base that partially ionizes in solution.

Arrhenius Acid

A substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions when dissolved in water.

Arrhenius Base

A substance that increases the concentration of OH- ions when dissolved in water.

Brønsted-Lowry Acid

A substance that donates a proton (H+) to another substance.

Brønsted-Lowry Base

A substance that accepts a proton (H+) from another substance.

Lewis Acid

A substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a bond.

Lewis Base

A substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a bond.

Conjugate Acid-Base Pair

A pair of species that differ by the presence of a single proton (H+).

Autoionization of Water

The process by which water molecules ionize to form H+ and OH- ions.

Hydronium Ion (H3O+)

The ion formed when water molecules bond with additional protons.

Acidic Solution

A solution where the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) is greater than that of hydroxide ions (OH-), resulting in a pH less than 7.

Basic Solution

A solution where the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) is greater than that of hydrogen ions (H+), resulting in a pH greater than 7.

Neutral Solution

A solution where the concentrations of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) are equal, resulting in a pH of 7.

Hydrolysis

The reaction of a salt with water to produce an acidic or basic solution.

Ion-Dipole Interaction

An interaction between an ion and a polar molecule, often involving hydration of ions.