Respiratory drugs MG endocrine

Beclomethasone

Drug class: inhaled/intranasal glucocorticoid. Reduces airway or nasal inflammation.

Budesonide

Drug class: inhaled/intranasal glucocorticoid. Reduces inflammation in asthma and rhinitis.

Fluticasone

Drug class: inhaled/intranasal glucocorticoid. Reduces airway or nasal inflammation.

Prednisolone

Drug class: oral glucocorticoid. Strong systemic anti-inflammatory drug for asthma flares.

Prednisone

Drug class: oral glucocorticoid. Used for stronger systemic anti-inflammatory treatment.

Terbutaline

Drug class: SABA

Salbutamol

Drug class: SABA

Fenoterol

Drug class: SABA

Salmeterol

Drug class: LABA

Formoterol

Drug class: LABA

Isoprenaline

Drug class: non-selective β-agonist. Older bronchodilator with strong cardiovascular side effects.

Theophylline

Drug class: PDE inhibitor. Increases cAMP/cGMP and causes bronchodilation, but can affect the heart.

Caffeine

Drug class: PDE inhibitor/methylxanthine. Weakly increases cAMP/cGMP, similar to theophylline.

Ipratropium bromide

Drug class: short-acting anticholinergic. Blocks muscarinic receptors and reduces bronchoconstriction.

Tiotropium bromide

Drug class: long-acting anticholinergic/LAMA. Blocks M3 receptors for long bronchodilation. Dissociates fast from M2 (selectivity)

Montelukast

Drug class: antileukotriene. Reduces leukotriene-mediated mucus, edema and bronchoconstriction.

Loratadine

Drug class: H1 antihistamine. Blocks histamine effects, mainly useful in allergy/rhinitis.

Mepolizumab

Drug class: anti-IL-5 antibody. Used in severe eosinophilic asthma to reduce eosinophils.

Benralizumab

Drug class: anti-IL-5 receptor antibody. Targets eosinophils in severe eosinophilic asthma.

Dupilumab

Drug class: anti-IL-4 R antibody. Blocks IL-4/IL-13 signalling in severe asthma.

Cromoglycate

Drug class: cromone/mast cell stabilizer. Prevents mast cell degranulation and allergic mediator release.

Nedocromil sodium

Drug class: cromone/mast cell stabilizer. Prevents mast cell activation; limited asthma use.

Omalizumab

Drug class: anti-IgE antibody. Binds IgE and reduces allergic mast cell activation.

Oxymetazoline

Drug class: nasal decongestant/α-adrenergic agonist. Causes nasal vasoconstriction in acute congestion.

Xylometazoline

Drug class: nasal decongestant/α-adrenergic agonist. Reduces nasal congestion by vasoconstriction.

Cetirizine

Drug class: 2nd generation H1 antihistamine. Non-sedating allergy drug.

Mometasone

Drug class: intranasal glucocorticoid. Reduces nasal inflammation in rhinitis.

Codeine

Drug class: opioid antitussive. Suppresses cough centrally.

Noscapine

Drug class: central antitussive. Suppresses cough without strong opioid effects.

Dextromethorphan

Drug class: central antitussive. Suppresses the cough center in the brain.

Promethazine

Drug class: 1st generation antihistamine/antiemetic. Treats nausea and can suppress cough/allergy symptoms.

Dibunic acid

Drug class: peripheral antitussive. Locally reduces cough irritation.

Thyme syrup

Drug class: emollient. Protects irritated mucosal surfaces.

NH4Cl

Drug class: expectorant. Increases watery bronchial secretions.

Ipecacuanha

Drug class: expectorant. Helps loosen respiratory secretions.

Acetylcysteine

Drug class: mucolytic. Breaks disulfide bonds in mucus and makes it thinner.

Bromhexine

Drug class: mucolytic. Breaks down mucus and improves clearance.

Bupropion

Drug class: smoking cessation drug. Helps reduce nicotine craving.

Nicotine patches

Drug class: nicotine replacement therapy. Helps patients stop smoking gradually.

Aclidinium

Drug class: LAMA. Long-acting M3 blockade for COPD bronchodilation.

Glycopyrronium

Drug class: LAMA. Long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator in COPD.

Umeclidinium

Drug class: LAMA. Long-acting muscarinic antagonist used in COPD.

Indacaterol

Drug class: long-acting β2-agonist. Bronchodilator used in COPD.

Olodaterol

Drug class: long-acting β2-agonist. Relaxes airway smooth muscle in COPD.

Roflumilast

Drug class: PDE4 inhibitor. Increases cAMP and reduces COPD inflammation.

Azithromycin

Drug class: macrolide antibiotic. Used in severe COPD to reduce exacerbations.

Pirfenidone

Drug class: antifibrotic. Slows pulmonary fibrosis progression.

Nintedanib

Drug class: tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Blocks growth factor receptors involved in fibrosis.