Chapter 6 Speed Displacement and Velocity

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Last updated 5:30 PM on 4/19/26
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6 Terms

1
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Define Speed

speed is the rate of change of distance with respect to time

unit: m s-1

2
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Formula for Average Speed

Average Speed = Distance Travelled/Time Taken

3
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Define Displacement

displacement is distance in a given direction

4
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Define Velocity

velocity is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time

unit: m s-1

5
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Experiment: Measurement of Velocity using a ticker-tape timer

  1. Set up the apparatus as in the diagram.  

  2. Connect the ticker timer to a low-voltage power supply.  

  3. Give the trolley a small push to start it moving.  

  4. Adjust the angle of inclination of the runway until the trolley moves with constant velocity, i.e. the spots on the tape are all equidistant.  

  5. The ticker timer makes 50 spots per second. Therefore the time interval between two adjacent spots is 0.02 s.  

  6. Measure the lengths of ten adjacent spaces.  

  7. The time t is 10 × 0.02 = 0.2 s.  

  8. As the trolley was travelling at constant velocity we can say that velocity = distant/time 

  9. Repeat using pushes of varying strengths.  

<ol><li><p class="Paragraph SCXO257406705 BCX0" style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: inherit; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Set up the apparatus as in the diagram.&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p class="Paragraph SCXO257406705 BCX0" style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: inherit; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Connect the ticker timer to a low-voltage power supply.&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p class="Paragraph SCXO257406705 BCX0" style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: inherit; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Give the trolley a small push to start it moving.&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p class="Paragraph SCXO257406705 BCX0" style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: inherit; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Adjust the angle of inclination of the runway until the trolley moves with constant velocity, i.e. the spots on the tape are all equidistant.&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p class="Paragraph SCXO257406705 BCX0" style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: inherit; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The ticker timer makes 50 spots per second. Therefore the time interval between two adjacent spots is 0.02 s.&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p class="Paragraph SCXO257406705 BCX0" style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: inherit; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Measure the lengths of ten adjacent spaces.&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p class="Paragraph SCXO257406705 BCX0" style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: inherit; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The time t is 10 × 0.02 = 0.2 s.&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p class="Paragraph SCXO257406705 BCX0" style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: inherit; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">As the trolley was travelling at constant velocity we can say that velocity = distant/time</span><span style="line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p class="Paragraph SCXO257406705 BCX0" style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: inherit; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Repeat using pushes of varying strengths.&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp;</span></p></li></ol><p></p>
6
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Sources of Error / Precautions

Dust the runaway to reduce friction

Ignore thee initial 5 or 6 dots on the tape as this shows the initial acceleration due to the push