Study Guide SOC 116: Environmental Problems and Social Structures

These flashcards cover key concepts related to environmental problems, consumerism, migration theories, family structures, educational inequality, and health disparities.

Treadmills of production

Social processes that drive continuous production of goods, which leads to increased material waste and environmental harm.

Consumerism

A social and economic system where buying goods and services is highly valued and tied to identity, status, and happiness.

Conspicuous consumption

Valuing goods that can be shown off to others as a symbol of status and economic power.

Planned obsolescence

The deliberate design of products to break, wear out, or become outdated quickly.

Perceived obsolescence

Occurs when consumers are presented with attractive new styles or designs, influencing them to discard the old.

Leachate

Liquid that forms when rainwater or groundwater flows through a landfill and carries chemicals with it.

Fossil fuels

Nonrenewable energy sources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals over millions of years.

E-waste

Discarded electronic devices such as phones, computers, TVs, and batteries, which contain toxic substances.

Renewable energy

Energy sources that can be replenished naturally, such as solar and wind power.

Push factors

Conditions that drive people to migrate due to difficulties or insecurities in their home country.

Pull factors

Attractive forces that draw migrants to a new destination, such as job opportunities or safety.

Assimilation Theory

The process by which immigrants adopt the culture, values, and behaviors of the dominant society.

Segmented Assimilation Theory

Argues that assimilation is not a single path and outcomes vary based on context and conditions.

Multiculturalism

A social framework that values and promotes cultural diversity instead of forcing assimilation.

Socialization of Children

The process through which children learn language, norms, values, and roles in society.

Nuclear Family

A family structure consisting of two married parents and their children, traditionally seen as dominant.

Hidden Curriculum

The unwritten lessons, values, and expectations that students learn in school.

Cultural Capital

Skills, knowledge, and behaviors that are valued by the educational system.

Meritocracy

The idea that success is based on talent, effort, and ability, although real outcomes may be impacted by social advantages.

Social Determinants of Health

Societal conditions that affect health, including economic stability, education, and environment.