10 - gender dev.

Attributions and Gender Stereotyping

Behavior and personality traits attributed based on sex stereotypes.

Reinforcement of Gender Stereotypes

Girls globally spend 50% more time on household chores than boys.

Modeling

Adults demonstrate expected behaviors to children.

Reinforcement

Desired behaviors are rewarded, leading to repetition of those behaviors.

Gender

An individually and socially constructed identification as male or female.

Sex

Biological and physical attributes at birth, including genetic composition and hormonal influence.

Gender Typing

The process by which children become aware of their biological sex and acquire appropriate motives, values, and behaviors.

Gender Identity

Awareness of being male or female and its stability over time.

Gender Role Stereotypes

Understanding societal expectations of male and female traits and behaviors.

Labeling (Gender Identity Stage)

By age 2, children can identify same-sex pictures.

Stability (Gender Identity Stage)

Understanding that one's gender remains the same over time.

Gender Stereotypes in Behavior

Children's actions often align with stereotypes before understanding gender differences.

Social Learning Theory

Children learn gender stereotypes and behaviors through encouragement and modeling.

Kohlberg’s Perspective on Gender Identity

Children actively seek out models of their identified gender.

Factors Influencing Gender Expression

Exposure to stereotypes, identification with significant individuals, and the stability of internal gender identity.

Gender Diversity

Children asserting a different gender identity develop it as clearly and consistently as their peers.