Plant Groups

moss

leafy liverwort

hornwort

thallose liverwort

Bryophyta

mosses and liverworts

Lycopodiophyta

club mosses

club moss

club moss

spikemoss

quillwort

Equisetophyta

Horsetails and scouring rushes

horsetail

horsetail

scouring rush

scouring rush

Pteridophyta

true ferns

true fern

true fern

true fern

true fern

Psilophyta

whisk ferns

whisk fern

whisk fern

whisk fern

Cycadophyta

cycads

cycad

cycad

cycad

Ginkgophyta

ginkgo

ginkgo

ginkgo

ginkgo

Pinophyta

conifers

conifer

conifer

conifer

conifer

Gnetophyta

weird transitional plants between conifers and flowering plants: Ephedra, Gnetum, Welwischia

ephedra (found in SW US)

gnetum (tropical vine)

welwischia (found in desert in SW Africa)

Magnoliaphyta

flowering plants. includes monocots and dicots

maple: monocot or dicot?

dicot (branching leaf veins)

violet: monocot or dicot?

dicot (branching leaf veins)

goldenrod: monocot or dicot?

dicot (branching leaf veins)

lily: monocot or dicot?

monocot (parallel leaf veins)

palm tree: monocot or dicot?

monocot (parallel leaf veins) (only monocot tree!)

corn: monocot or dicot?

monocot (parallel leaf veins)

orchids: monocot or dicot?

monocot (parallel leaf veins)

about mosses

leafy parts. produce capsules with spores

class Magnoliopsida

dicots

class Liliopsida

monocots

about liverworts

found at edges of streams. may be leafy (have roads of leaves) or thallose (flat and ribbonlike)

about hornworts

come up in summer. base looks like a small thallose liverwort. spores in horns, only up for a few days

about clubmosses

6-8 in. tall. look like little Christmas decorations

about spikemosses

look like large leafy liverworts. form mats. often found by roads.

where are horsetails found?

by railroads and roadsides

about scouring rushes

have glass in walls, can be abrasive—>sometimes used for dishwashing. inhabit wet grounds.

about true ferns

spores very obvious—either on undersides of leaves or in modified leaf spore cases

about whisk ferns

look like whisks—leafless stems with little spore-containing balls on top. found on rocks and at bases of trees. endangered in FL.

about cycads

found in subtropics. cone-bearing; look like palm trees with pinecones

about ginkgos

males and females. females produce seeds in a stinky, fleshy coat that looks like a fruit

about conifers

include spruces, pines, hemlocks, firs, and yews. found in cooler areas; Northern and extreme Southern

about magnoliophyta

aka angiosperms. closed flower, so pollen has to bore into structure containing seeds

vascular plants include…

seedless plants and seed plants

seedless plants include…

club mosses, horsetails, true ferns, and whisk ferns

seed plants include…

gymnosperms and angiosperms

gymnosperms meaning

unenclosed, exposed seeds—no fruits or flowers

gymnosperms include…

cycads, ginkgos, conifers, and gnetophytes