Water and Carbon - Both

Impacts on vegetation and soil

Store both water and carbon, decomposition releases co2 to atmopshere, Soil can be leached by too much water, C is lost

Impacts on Oceans

Cold oceans absorb more co2, warm oceans absorb less, so co2 is constantly moved from poles to tropics. Ocean acidification takes place due to excess carbon in atmosphere being absorbed into the ocean.

Impacts on cryosphere

Permafrost system melting releases both water and co2, creates positive feedback loop as co2 released,

Albedo Positive feedback

more ice = more white = more reflect = less solar insolation absorbed = more ice or less ice = less white = less reflect = more solar insolation absorbed = less ice

impacts on atmosphere

Co2 released into atmosphere, Global warming and more insolation absorbed, Leads to enhanced greenhouse effect

What acid = acid rain and ocean acidification?

Carbonic acid

Rainfall impacts

Water falls and is transferred to ground stores or rivers seas etc, contains carbonic acid - acidic and leads to acid rain, weathering and ocean acidification

Plants and trees do?

Store carbon and water,

Tropical rainforest phenomena

Create own rainfall and microclimate

Impact of deforestation

Micro climate is destroyed, so rain is not created, so areas downwind of the deforested area experience sever drought, kills even more of the forest.

Deforestation impacts on carbon

Store of carbon dramatically decreases as: Biosphere destroyed and soil has no decay taking place, so lithosphere reduces

Impact of acid rain

accelerates chemical weathering and breakdown, and increases ocean acidification

Three types of sea level rise

warm of world expands the ocean, more water is added e.g melt permafrost, or more water is drained e.g. over abstraction or irrigation.

threshold

Consequence of causing x, tipping point, cannot undo the impacts past this point, the limit