MEDI FP : Genital System - Male

1. dermatitis

2. orchitis

3. edema

4. neoplasia

5. cryptorchidism

6. small testicle

6 scrotum abnormalitis

Dermatitis

related to general dermatitis/ secondary orchitis

Orchitis

check with Brucella titer

1. contact with chemicals

2. insect bites

3. abrasions

Orchitis due to

topical therapy

Orchitix Tx

Edema

by local irritation; cn occur as part of generalized edema resulting from Vasculities and Hypoalbuminemia

Neoplasia

Dx is impression smear of ulcerated scrotal skin or biopsy

Cryptorchidism

abdominal/ inguinal; failure of one or both testes to descend into scrotal sac; hereditary

Bilateral Cryptorchidism

sterility; risk of neoplasia 10x greater; Dx: PEx and imaging

Small testicales

from aging, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, atrophy

1. palpation

2. cbc, blood chem

3. urinalysis

4. hormone assays

Dx of small testicles

1. acute orchitis

2. testicular torsion

3. ‘ tumor

4. ‘ trauma

5. epididymitis

5 conditions of testicular enlargement

Acute orchitis

from infection, trauma, autoimmune issues

1. history and PEx

2. urinalysis, culture

3. testing for Brucella canis infection

Dx of Acute orchitis

1. signs

2. aspiration to rule out infection

Dx for testicular torsion

Testicular tumor

more common in older male dogs, but rare in cats. Most prevalent types include interstitial cell tumors, seminomas, sertoli cell tumors

Testicular Trauma

by injuries such as bites, contusions, blunt force

Vascular injury to scrotum and testicles

from placing rubber bands at base of scrotum

Epididymitis

enlargement associated with orchitis

1. testing for B. canis

2. histroy, PEx

3. semen cytology and culture

4. aspiration

5. tissue eval

Dx for Epididymitis

1. phimosis

2. paraphimosis

3. hypospadias

4. persistent penile frenulum

5. strangulation

6. urethral prolapse

6 preputial and penila abnormalities

Phimosis

inability to retract the penis due to narrowing at preputial orifice

Paraphimosis

inability to return the penis into prepuce

1. hypospadias

2. persistent penile frenulum

2 congenital defects

hypospadias

external urethral opening located on ventral midline of penis

Persistent penile frenulum

fine band of connective tissue connects penis to prepuce on ventral side

strangulation of penis

by foreign bodies

1. spontaneous

2. induced

2 types of abortion

Induced abortion

1st half of pregnancy

Spontaneous abortion

2nd half of pregnancy

Stillbirths

fetal death occurs hours or days before birth

Mummification

fetus encased in protective membrane

Infertility

reduced ability/ inability to reproduce despite normal mating

Sterility

complete inability

Subfertility

reduced reproductive efficiency

1. ovarian cysts

2. pyometra

3. progesterone/ thyroid imbalance

4. freemartinism

5. malnutrition, vitamin/ mineral deficiencies

female causes leading to infertility

1. orchitis

2. cryptorchidism

3. oligospermia

4. prostitis

5. poor libido

male causes leading to infertility

1. bacterial

2. viral

3. protozoal

Infectious causes leading to infertility

1. Brucella

2. Leptospira

bacteria species leading to infertility

1. canine herpesvirus

2. PRRS

vial conditions leading to infertility

Trichomoniasis

protozoal conditions leading to infertility

1. reproductive record

2. breeding mngt

3. nutrition

4. drugs

for history taking, what do you need to ask for

1. tract palpation

2. abdominal/ rectal exam

3. utz

for PEx, what should you do

1. cbc, serum chemistry, hormones

2. infectious serology

3. urinalysis

4. semen eval

for Dx, what should you perform

1. proper nutrition and body condition

2. good breeding timing and mgt

3. regular repro exams

4. infectious ds screening

5. use proven sires/ dams

6. hormonal therapy

Management/ Prevention