History Lecture Notes: Periods 1-4

Flashcards covering the major historical events and dates from Period 1 to Period 4 (1450 to the present) based on the lecture notes.

Printing Press

Technological advancement introduced in the year $1450$.

Fall of Constantinople

Historical event that occurred in $1453$.

Columbus voyage

Voyage occurring in $1492$ motivated by God, Gold, and Glory.

Treaty of Tordesillas

A treaty established in $1494$.

Conchigrat of Bologna

An agreement in $1516$ where Kings obtained control of the Church.

Luther's $95$ Theses

The start of the protestant reformation in $1517$; distinguished by Lutheranism (faith) versus Catholic (faith + church).

Diet of Worms

Meeting in $1521$ where Charles V (Spain) goes against Luther.

German Peasants War

Uprising of lower classes demanding for money, more rights, and freedom. (1524-1525)

Sack of Rome

An act against the church in $1527$ where unpaid troops of Charles V destroy Rome.

Council of Trent

Catholic meeting to reform the Church and counter protestants. (1545-1563)

Peace of Augsburg

Agreement in $1555$ where rulers choose either Luther or Catholic religion.

St Bartholomew day Massacre

The mass killing of french huguenots by french catholics in $1572$.

War of $3$ Henrys

A conflict occurring from $1587$ to $1589$.

Edict of Nantes

An edict issued in the year $1598$.

$30$ Years War

Conflict between Catholic vs protestant states. 1618-1648

Peace of Westphalia

Established peace among religion in $1648$.

English Civil War

Conflict between the King vs Parliament over power in England. 1642-1648

Cromwell's Rule

The period of governance by Cromwell from $1653$ to $1658$.

Glorious Revolution

The removal of James II by William and mary in $1688$.

English Bill of Rights

Document that limits royal power and strengthens parliament. 1688

Louis XIV Reign

The rule of an Absolute Monarch from $1643$ to $1715$.

War of Spanish Succession

Conflict intended to stop France from getting too much power in Europe. 1701-1714

Peace of Utrecht

The balance of power agreement that ended the War of Spanish Succession. 1713-1714

Enlightenment

The spread of knowledge, reason, and science, alongside the criticism of absolutism. 1700s

French Revolution

Period where people overthrew the monarchy demanding equality and rights. 1789-1799

Napoleon Reign

The period of Napoleon's rule from $1799$ to $1815$.

First Industrial Revolution

The first major period of industrialization occurring from $1800$ to $1851$.

Congress of Vienna

Meeting in $1815$ where Europe restored order after the defeat of Napoleon.

revolutions of $1848$

European uprisings demanding liberal and nationalist reforms. 1848-49

Second Industrial Revolution

The second major period of industrialization starting in $1870$ - 1914

Franco Prussian war

War where Prussia defeats France, leading to German Unification. 1870-71

Unification of Germany + Italy

The process of forming unified German and Italian nations in $1871$.

Triple Alliance

Alliance formed in $1882$ between Germany, Austro Hungary, and Italy to counter Russia and France.

Berlin Conference

Meeting held to divide Africa into colonies. (1884-85)

WWI

Global conflict occurring during the years. 1914 through $1918$.

Russian revolution

Revolution occurring in Russia in $1917$.

Treaty of Versaille

The treaty signed in $1919$ following WWI.

WWII

Global conflict occurring from $1939$ to $1945$.

Yaltin Conference

A post-WWII conference mentioned alongside NATO.

Cold War ($1947$-$1991$)

A period of tension between the US vs USSR.

Fall of Soviet Union ($1991$)

The collapse of the USSR in $1991$.