Ch 15/16

Male/Female Reproductive Systems

Andr/o

male

Crypt/o

hidden

Epididym/o

epididymis

Orch/o

testis, testicle

orchi/o

testis, testicle

orchid/o

testis, testicle

test/o

testis, testicle

Pen/o

penis

Prostat/o

prostate

Semin/i

semen

Sperm/o

sperm

spermat/o

sperm

Vas/o

duct, vas deferens

What is a zygote?

fertilized egg

What chromosome do all eggs carry?

X

What chromosomes does sperm carry?

XY

If a zygote has an XY chromosome, what gender will it become?

male

If a zygote has an XX chromosome, what gender will it become?

female

What does SRY stand for?

sex-determining region of the Y

What is the gene code for the production of a protein that reacts with other genes so that androgen receptors are produced in the developing fetus?

SRY

What is another word for androgen?

testosterone

Without androgen, what gender would develop in a zygote? Why

female, estrogen in mother’s circulation

What is necessary for the development of the testes?

androgen/testosterone

What is a sex cell, either sperm or egg, called?

gamete

What is the primary gamete in males?

testes

What gamete produces testosterone and sperm?

testes

What sex cell develops from a three month fetus to a one month old infant?

testes

What sex cell originates retroperiotoneal in the abdominal cavity?

testes

What is the short cord that each testis is attached to called?

gubernaculum

What part of the testes does not enlarge as the fetus grows?

gubernaculum

What part of the testes remains firmly attached to the developing scrotum?

gubernaculum

What part of the testes pulls down from the testes from the abdominal cavity into the developing scrotum?

gubernaculum

When is an infant’s testes fully descended to the scrotum outside the abdominal cavity?

one month

What is the opening in the abdominal wall that the testes descend through called?

inguinal canal

What part of the male reproductive system needs to be two degrees celsius cooler than core body temperature for sperm to survive outside?

testis

What is the outer fibrous capsule of the testis called?

tunica albuginea

What part of the testes is divided into 250-300 wedge-shaped lobules?

tunica albuginea

What are the tubules called that are located in the lobules in the tunica albuginea?

seminiferous

How many seminiferous tubules are located in each lobule of the tunica albuginea?

1-4

Where is sperm produced in the testes? Where does it move to?

seminiferous tubules, rete testis

What is the male reproductive structure called that is located posteriorly in the testes within the fibrous capsule?

rete testis

What is another name for interstitial cells?

cells of leydig

What is located in between the seminiferous tubules in the lobules of the testes?

interstitial cells

What kind of cells are located in the interstitial cells? What does it produce?

endocrine, testosterone

What is the pendulous sac that houses the testes called?

scrotum

What structure makes up the external genitalia of the male?

scrotum

The _____ scrotum is suspended lower than the _____.

left, right

What is the diamond-shaped space that is occupied by the penis and the scrotum called?

perineum

What muscle is located in the smooth muscle wall of the scrotum?

dartos

What structures in the scrotum react to temperature changes by contracting and relaxing?

dartos muscle, cremaster muscle, pampiniform plexus

When cold, what happens to the dartos and cremaster muscle as it draws the testes together for warmth?

contracts

When cold, what happens to the surface area of the scrotum in order to reduce heat loss?

reduces

When warm, what happens to the dartos and cremaster muscle as the testes hang further away from the body?

relaxes

When warm, what happens to the surface area of the scrotum in order to keep cool?

maximizes

What structure protects each testi from infection?

medial septum

What externally marks the location of the medial septum on the scrotum?

perineal raphe

What male reproductive structure contains the cremaster muscle, pampiniform plexus, testicular artery, and ductus deferens?

spermatic cord

What is the outer layer of the spermatic cord that completely covers the testis called?

cremaster muscle

What is the network of small veins surrounding the testicular artery called?

pampiniform plexus

What two structures are located in the pampiniform plexus?

testicular artery, ductus deferens

What structure in the pampiniform plexus has low blood pressure and no pulse?

testicular artery

What structure in the pampiniform plexus has a poor oxygen supply to the testes?

testicular artery

What structure in the pampiniform plexus returns cool blood and has warm blood arriving?

testicular artery

What structure in the pampiniform plexus carries sperm?

ductus deferens