AP Psych

Physical dependence

Leads to tolerance and withdrawal if a substance is removed.

Psychological dependence

Mental or emotional attachment to a substance.

Alcohol effects on nervous system

Slows down the nervous system and bodily reactions.

Independent Variable (IV)

Manipulated or treatment condition in an experiment.

Dependent Variable (DV)

Measured after changes to the IV in an experiment.

Tolerance

Requirement for more of a substance to reach the desired state.

Generalization in research

Inferring study results to a larger population based on statistical significance.

Common effects of Methamphetamine, Cocaine, and Caffeine

Speed up nervous system, increase alertness, and induce euphoria; however, can result in a negative crash.

LSD effects

Hallucinations, memory loss, and relaxation.

Agonist

Substance that copies neurotransmitters and speeds up the nervous system.

Antagonist

Substance that blocks neural firing and slows the nervous system.

Effects of marijuana

Hallucinogenic properties, impaired memory, sensory expansion, pain relief, and relaxation.

Neuroplasticity

The brain's ability to modify and rewire itself.

Function of the motor cortex

Located at the back end of the frontal lobe, controls movement.

Left hemisphere function

Responsible for language, logical thinking, and reasoning.

Right hemisphere function

Responsible for intuition, spatial thinking, and holistic view.

Function of the corpus callosum

Allows communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

Left visual field processing

Processed by the right hemisphere, controlling the left side of the body.

Right visual field processing

Processed by the left hemisphere, enabling speech and controlling the right side of the body.

Phrenology

Franz Gall's theory that bumps on the skull could indicate a person's traits and abilities.

Biological psychology

Study of the processes and physical influences within the body that affect behavior and thought.

Biopsychosocial approach

Behavioral influences from biology, psychology, and social environment.

MRI

Imaging technique used to visualize the structure of soft tissues in the body.

fMRI

Imaging technique that shows the structure of soft tissues and blood flow activity.

PET scans

Imaging technique that measures brain activity using radioactive glucose consumption.

CT scan

Imaging technique that produces cross-sectional X-rays to view hard structures.

EEG

Measures brain wave activity using electrodes and monitors.

If-Then Statement in Experiments

Used to predict the outcome based on manipulation of the IV.

Barbiturates

Drugs used as tranquilizers and classified as depressants.

Crisis Response of Drug Use

Users often experience withdrawal symptoms when substance is suddenly removed.

Euphoria in Drug Use

Intense feelings of happiness or pleasure often associated with stimulant drugs.

Hallucinogenic Properties

Characteristics of substances like LSD and marijuana that alter perception and cognition.

Impact of Drug Dependence

Can lead to both physical and psychological challenges requiring intervention.