Volcanism

Hot Spot

Unusually hot area in Earth’s mantle where high-temprature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface

Volcanism

Describes all the processes associated with the discharge of magma, hot water, and steam

Caldrea

Large crater, up to 100km in diameter, that can form when the summit side of a volcano collapses into the magma chamber during an eruption.

Conduit

A tubelike structure that allows lava to reach the surface

Magma

Naturally occurring moltan rock material generated within earth pushes an oceanic plate toward a subduction zone

Tephra

Rock fragments, classified by size, that are thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption and fall to the ground

Pyrolastic Flow

Swift-moving, potentially deadly clouds of gas, ash, and other volatile material produced by a violent eruption