hde 100c chapter 2

Oxidative change theory

• Free radical: unpair electron pair with another molecule causing a chain reaction

• molecules enter into many damaging chemical reactions (body doesn’t repair damage processes and primary aging results)

Waste product accumulation theory

• Aging occurs bc of waste product accumulate over time then interfering with cell function

• Lipfuscin pigment left over due to breakdown and absorption of damaged blood cells (also referred to aging)

• When lipofuscin accumulates then lysosome can’t do its job; interferes with cell function

Time-Clock Theory (Hayflick limit)

• Human embryo cells doubled in population about 50 times

• Replicative senescence is when cell stop copying

• Correlation between a species’ Hayflick limit and its life span

• The number of cells divides relates to the number of years of a species maximum life span

Telomere theory

• Telomere cap the end of chromosomes and they become worn out during cell division

• Telomerase: enzyme that lengthen telomeres

• When telomere degrades sufficiently then the cell stops dividing and dies because we are wearing away the important part of the DNA

organismic model

views heredity as the driving force of development

mechanistic model of development

proposes that people’s behavior is shaped by outside forces by the environment

interactionist model

views the interaction of genetics and the environment working together to shape development

plasticity in development

course of development may be altered depending on the nature of the individual’s specific interactions with the environment

ecological perspetive

identifies multiple levels of the environment as they affect individuals over time

• include microsystem

• mesosystem

• exosystem

• macrosystem

social clock

expectations for the ages at which society associates with major life events

activity theory

view that older adults are most satisfied if they are involved in their social role

disengagement theory

proposal that the normal evolution of life causes older adults to loosen their social ties

continuity theory

decisions about staying active depends on the individual’s personality

psychosocial theory of development

key points in life, biological, psychological, and social changes influence an individual’s personality

identity accommodation

process through which people make changes in their identities in response to experiences that challenge their current view of themselves

identity balance

dynamic equilibrium that occurs when people tend to view themselves consistently but can make changes when called for by their experiences

selective optimization with compensation model

adults attempt to preserve and maximize the abilities that are of central importance and put-less effort into maintaining that are not important