MSE-3018 Cancer markers

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Last updated 11:13 AM on 5/13/26
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13 Terms

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PSA

Prostate-associated marker but not cancer-specific

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CA-125

Associated with ovarian cancer but low specificity, not used as standalone test but useful in symptomatic pathway monitoring

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HE4

CA-125 combination improves specificity for ovarian cancer

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AFP

  • elevated in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis without cancer

  • HCC surveillance, insufficient and requires combination imaging

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Germ cell tumour markers

beta-HCG, AFP and LDH, consider assay interference before diagnosis

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CEA

colorectal cancer monitoring post-treatment

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CA19-9

associated with pancreatic and biliary malignancy, consider cholestasis before interpretation

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Thyroglobulin

thyroid cancer monitoring post-treatment, thrydectomy / radioiodine treatment

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Liquid biopsy

tumour material analysis from blood, provides molecular info

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PCR liquid biopsy

Highly sensitive to known variants but cannot discover new ones

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Target NGS

gene mutation detection, sensitivity depends on design

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Use of liquid biopsy

minimally invasive genotyping, tumour monitoring for treatment

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Liquid biopsy limitaitons

hard to screen whole populations, requires extremely high specificity