Digestive System

2

Lips

12

gingivae

6

tongue

3

hard palate

4

soft palate

5

uvula

1

cheek

7

papillae

25

molars

24

premolars

23

cuspids

22

insisors

21

dentitions

14

crown

15

root

16

enamel

17

dentin

18

pulp cavity

19

root canal

9

parotid glands

10

submandibular glands

11

sublingual glands

3

hard palate

4

soft palate

5

uvula

27

esophagus

6

tongue

9

parotid glands

10

submandibular glands

27

esophagus

11

sublingual glands

26

pharynx

44

liver

51

small intestine

52

duodenum

48

gallbladder

53

jejunum

54

ileum

28

stomach

71

cecum

72

appendix

73

ascending colon

74

transverse colon

75

descending colon

76

sigmoid colon

77

rectum

78

anus

mucosa function

secretes mucus

submucosa function

supplies mucosa with nutrients and houses glands that secrete mucus

muscularis function

contract to churn and propel food

serosa function

prevents friction

sodium bicarbonate origion

pancrease

sodium bicarbonate function

inactivates pepsin to neutralize environment, preventing the stomach lining from attacking itself

defecation reflex

coordination of colon, rectum, and nervous system signaling to the body to release bile

cirrhosis

healthy tissue replaced by scar tissue

jaundice

build up of bilirubin or blockage of bile ducts

gallstones

stones in the gallbladder, cause pain when block duct

stomach absorption

small amounts of water

small intestine water absorption

osmosis into blood capillaries

small intestine carbohydrate absorption

facilitated diffusion into blood capillaries

small intestine protein absorption

active transport into blood capillaries

small intestine fat absorption

diffusion into epithelial cells through forming chylomicrons

chylomicrons

triglycerides with a protein coat, form during diffusion of fats in small intestine

large intestine absorption

water

mechanical digestion of the mouth

mastication

mechanical digestion of the stomach

churning

mechanical digestion of the small intestine

segmentation

chemical digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth

salivary amylase from salivary glands

chemical digestion of fats in the mouth

small amounts of lingual lipase from sublingual glands

chemical digestion of proteins in the stomach

HCl breaks H bonds in pepsin

chemical digestion of fats in stomach

gastric lipase

chemical digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine

pancreatic amylase from pancreas breaks carbs to disaccharides, brush border enzymes from small intestine breaks into monosaccharides

chemical digestion of proteins in the small intestine

trypsin and chymotrypsin from pancreas and brush border enzymes break down amino acids

chemical digestion of fats in small intestine

pancreatic lipase from pancreas breaks triglycerides to monoglycerides and fatty acids, bile emulsifies, suspends fat in watery solution, allowing lipase to act

end product of carbohydrate digestion

monosaccharides

end product of protein digestion

amino acids

end product of fat digestion

fatty acids and glycerol

A

pyloric sphincter

B

lesser curvature

C

cardia

D

fundus

E

greater curvature

F

body

G

pylorus

A

right lobe

B

left lobe

C

gallbladder

D

cystic duct

E

common hepatic duct

F

common bile duct

G

hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

mucosa

B

submucosa

C

lacteal

D

lamina propria

E

muscularis mucosa

F

blood vessels

G

lymphatic vessel