Health Promotion and Wellness Management Final

What is health promotion

The process of enabling people to increase control over, and improve their health

how it health promotion different than medical care

-prevention to curative

- emphasizes change

- treats a group

- approaches from multiple fronts

it emphasizes

change

internal factors vs external

internal- personal control

external- no control

health issues facing college students

- substance abuse

- poor nutrition

- depression and anxiety

- loneliness

- lack of sleep

purpose

helping people live healthier, longer, and better lives

community level theories

Focus on factors within social systems (Communities, organizations, institutions, and public policies), such as rules, regulations, legislation, norms, and policies.

theories and models are used to

explain why people behave or dont behave in certain ways relative to their health

health behavior is influenced by factors like

socioeconomic status, skills, culture, beliefs, attitude, values, religion, and gender

bricks are ____ houses are _____

concepts, theories

what is theory

Interrelated set of propositions that try to explain health behavior or a method of guiding health promotion practice

In other words, explain WHY people behave the way they do

Intrapersonal theory

knowledge, attitude, beliefs, and personality traits

health beliefs model

percieved benefits, threat, barriers, and self efficacy

theory of reasoned action

theory of planned behavior

addition to theory of reasoned action

transtheoretical model

Helps to understand how individuals (or populations) progress toward adopting and maintaining health behavior

Has five major constructs

:1. Stages of change

2. Decisional balance

3. Self-efficacy

4. Processes of change

5. Temptation

transtheorteical model assumptions

1. No single theory can account for all the complexities of behavior change.

2. Behavior change is a process that unfolds over time through a sequence of stages.

3. Stages are both stable and open to change

stages of change

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse, termination

interpersonal

Assume individualsare influenced by a social environment

social cognitive theory

cognitive, behavioral, environmental factors

Based upon reciprocal determinism Interplay among personal factors, environment and behavior

diffusion theory

Provides an explanation for the pattern of adoption of something new in populations. Useful when marketing a health promotion program

Stages:

- Knowledge

- Persuasion

- Decision

- Implementation

- Confirmation

diffusion theory- cumulative adoption

innovators 2

early adopters 14

early majority 34

late majority 34

laggards 16

generalized model

1. assess needs

2. set goals and objectives

3. develop interventions

4. implement interventions

5. evaluating results

Health needs assessment is a

systematic review of the health issues facing a population leading to agreed priorities and resource allocation that will improve health and reduce inequalities

steps of needs assessment

gather data, analyze data, identify risk factors, identify current services, program designed to address the problem, identify stakeholders

stakeholders

benefit indirectly from the program

____ and ___ before the how

what and why

The mission statement, goals, and objectives provide

foundation, direction, and a basis to evaluate

missions statement

- Also called program overview or program aim

- Describes the general focus or purpose

• Might also reflect the philosophy

• Helps to develop goals and objectives

goals

Goals are less specific than objectives and are used to explain the general intent of a program.

goal guidlines

(1) provides overall direction

, (2) is more general,

(3) has no deadline,

(4) takes longer to complete,

(5) is often not measured in exact terms.

objectives

More precise than goals•

Represent smaller steps that lead to reaching goals

• Outline specific changes to occur

• Written in measurable terms

• Several levels of objectives

types of objectives

process, learning, behavior, environmental, outcome

SMART objectives

Specific

Measurable

Achievable

realistic OR relavent

Time-bound

a well written objective should have

who, what, when, how much

difference between goals and objectives

Goals- more general outcome you want to see as a result of your campaign

Objectives- specific and measurable indicators of whether goals have been met

3 main types of objectives

process, outcome (short, intermediate, long)

process

Lead to the accomplishmentof all of the other objectives

Activities, tasks, strategies to implement the program

outcome

short- Change in awareness, knowledge, attitude or skills

intermediate-

-behvioral: Any change in behavior (new behavior adopted, old behavior modified or discontinued

-enviromental: physical, social, economic, policy, service

long-Large scale changes like Changes in health status, quality of life, risk factors

goals and objectives together

- multiple objectives under one goal

- must relate back to each other

levels of measurement

nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

nominal

category

brand, flavor

no order of categories

ordinal

category that can be ordered

performance- bad okay good

interval

numbers

zero is not the starting point

no true zero

temperature, time of arrival or departure

ratio

numbers

true zero

cost, amount, length of time

intervention

is an activity or set of activities that help to achieve the outcomes stated in the goals and objectives

A theory-based strategy or experience to which those in the priority population will be exposed or in which they will take part•

Occurs between two points in time

interventiosn should be ____ and ____

effective and efficient

multiplicity

number of components or activities

dose

number of program units delivered; how many times offered

strategy

A general plan of action for affecting a health problem

classification of strategies

1. health communication

2. health education

3. health policy/enforcement

4. environmental change

5. health-related community service

6. community mobilization

7. other

health communication strategies

designed to inform and influence individual and community decisions to influence health

high penetration less threatening and cost effective

could be phones, social media, in person, printed materials

5 communication channels

1. Intrapersonal• Health care, health coaches, hotlines, one on one

2. Interpersonal• Small classes, support groups

3. Organizational• Church bulletins, company or agency newsletters

4. Mass media• Newspaper, billboards, magazines, PSAs, and more

5. Social media• User or consumer generated, organized, and distributed• Information can be revised or updated almost immediately• Typically low cost in terms of creation and maintenance• Facebook, blogs, LinkedIn, Twitter, text messaging

health literacy

the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services to make appropriate health decisions

health numeracy

the degree to which individuals have the capacity to access, process, interpret, communicate, and act on numerical, quantitative, graphical, biostatistical, and probabilistic health information needed to make effective health decisions

10 general principles of learning

1. Appeal to multiple senses (e.g., seeing, hearing,speaking).

2. Get the learner active in the learning process.

3. Limit distractions.

4. Make sure they are ready to learn.

5. Make the subject relevant to the participants.

6. Use repetition.

7. Make sure learning is recognized and encouraged

.8. Move from simple to complex concepts.

9. Make concept applicable to several settings, generalize.

10. Find an appropriate pace

3 parts for health education

Curriculum (course of study) - what those in the priority population will be taught•

Scope - refers to breadth and depth of material covered• Sequence - defines the order in which the material is presented

unit plan

n orderly, self-contained collection of activities educationally designed to meet a set of objectives. Other terms for this are curriculum plans, modules, and strands

divided into lessons and then lesson plans

5 important steps for health education

1. gain attention

2. stimulating material

3. provide guidance

4. provide feedback

5. enhance retention and transfer

health policy and enforcement

Include executive orders, laws, ordinances ,policies, position statements, regulations, and formal/informal rules

controversial

enviromental changes

1. physical

2. Economic environment• financial costs, affordability•

3. Service environment• accessibility to health care or patient education•

4. Social environment• social support, peer pressure•

5. Cultural environment• traditions of an ethnic group• 6. Psychological environment• emotional learning environment•

7. Political environment• support for healthy environments

Health-Related Community Service Strategies

Reduce barriers to the services - be mindful of affordability, accessibility.

incentives

An anticipated positive or desirable reward designedto influence performance of an individual or group

deincentives

An anticipated negative or undesirable consequencedesigned to influence performance of an individual orgroup

social support activities

easier to make changes

support group, social gathering, social network, buddy system

interventions are referred to as

treatment

An intervention can address

multiple goals/objectives

resources

Personnel, curriculum & instructional resources, space, equipment, supplies, money

cumulative adoption graph

s shaped curve

Over time, the curve begins to climb as additional individuals decide to adopt the innovation and then levels off

implementation

CONVERTING PL ANNING, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES INTO ACTION

timeline for implementation

Determine target date for implementation

Determine what must be done prior to implementation

Create timeline with checkpoints

types of interventions

1. Health communication strategies

2. Health education strategies

3. Health policy / enforcement strategies

4. Environmental change strategies

5. Health Services

6. Community action