Hematologic system

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the basic components, cell types, and functions of the hematologic system based on the lecture by Dr. A.W.J.B KHISA.

Hematology

The study of blood and blood cells.

System

A group of organs specialized to perform a specific function.

Blood

A circulating tissue composed of fluid plasma and cells, occasionally called corpuscles.

Formed elements

The components of whole blood that constitute $45\%$ of its volume, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Blood plasma

The straw colored liquid part of blood that makes up $55\%$ of whole blood, appearing yellow and consisting of approximately $91.5\%$ water and $8.5\%$ solutes.

Arterial blood PH

The normal PH level of arterial blood is $7.40$ (with a range of $7.35-7.45$), making it a weak alkaline solution.

Albumin

A plasma protein ($58\%$ of total proteins) synthesized by the liver that maintains oncotic pressure and serves as a transport system for hormones, vitamins, and enzymes.

Globulins

Plasma proteins constituting $38\%$ of total proteins that function in blood clotting and defense against infection.

Fibrinogen

A plasma protein constituting $4\%$ of total proteins that is involved in blood clotting.

RBC (Erythrocytes)

Flattened, biconcave shaped mature cells with a diameter of $7.0-8.0\,\mu m$ and a lifespan of $120$ days that are involved in tissue respiration. The transcript notes they are nucleated.

Hemoglobin

A substance in Red blood cells that combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin for circulation and helps transport $CO_2$ to the lungs for exhalation.

White blood cells (Leucocytes)

A heterogeneous group of nucleated cells responsible for the body's defense, produced in the bone marrow and lymphoid tissue (lymph nodes, lymph nodules, and spleen).

Neutrophils

Granulocytes with a diameter of $10-12\,\mu m$, having $2-5$ lobes and a nucleus that stains purple violet, which respond to bacterial infection.

Eosinophils

Granulocytes with a diameter of $12-14\,\mu m$ characterized by a spectacle-arranged nucleus with two lobes and numerous large granules, primarily responding to allergic reactions.

Basophils

White blood cells with a diameter of $10-12\,\mu m$, a kidney shaped nucleus, and numerous granules.

Small lymphocytes

Mononuclear cells with a diameter of $7-10\,\mu m$ where the nucleus occupies the majority of the cell.

Large lymphocytes

Mononuclear cells with a diameter of $12-14\,\mu m$ and a centrally placed nucleus, typically responding to viral infections.

Monocytes

The largest white cells with a diameter of $14-18\,\mu m$, featuring a horse-shoe shaped nucleus and a phagocytic nature.

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Small ($1-4\,\mu m$ diameter), non-nucleated, round or oval cells produced in the marrow by fragmentation of megakaryocytes that contain blood coagulation factors for clotting.