Med Term Chpt 7-9

Calyx or calix

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

Catheter

a tube for injecting or removing fluids

Cortex

outer region of an organ

Creatinine

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine, product of muscle metabolism

Kidney

one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region, filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine

Renal pelvis

central collecting region in the kidney

Urea

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Ureter

one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Urethra

a tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Urinary bladder

a hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

Urination (voiding), micturition

process of expelling urine

Cyst/o

urinary/bladder

Nephr/o

kidney

Pyel/o

renal pelvis

Vesic/o

urinary bladder

Dips/o

thirst

Lith/o

stone

-tripsy

crushing

-uria

urination, urine condition

Nephrolithiasis

kidney stones

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney

Pyelonephritis

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

Renal hypertension

high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

blood urea nitrogen, measurement of urea levels in blood

Creatinine clearance

measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney

KUB (kidneys, ureters, and bladder)

x-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

Retrograde pyelogram (RP)

 x-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder

Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

x-ray image with contrast of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding

Cystoscopy

direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cytoscope)

Dialysis

the process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood

Lithotripsy

urinary tract stones are crushed

Cysto

cystoscopic examination

eGFR

estimated glomerular filtration rate

ESWL

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

IVP

intravenous pyelogram

UA

urinanalysis

UTI

urinary tract infection

Embryo

stage in prenatal development from 2-8 weeks

Endometrium

inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus

Fallopian tube

one of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus; also called an oviduct

Fetus

stage in prenatal development from 8 weeks to birth

Genitalia

reproductive organs; also called genitals

Gestation

time period from fertilization of the ovum to birth

Gonad

female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary or testis

Gynecology

study of the female reproductive organs, including the breasts

Menarche

the beginning of the first menstrual period and the ability to reproduce

Menopause

gradual ending of menstruation

Menstruation

monthly shedding of the uterine lining

Neonatology

study of the medical care of the newborn (neonate)

Obstetrics

a branch of medicine and surgery concerned with pregnancy and childbirth

Ovary

are almond-shaped, about the size of large walnuts, and produce egg cells (ova) and hormones

Ovulation

release of the ovum from the ovary

Ovum (ova)

mature egg cell (female gamete), develops from immature egg cells called oocytes

Parturition

the act of giving birth

Placenta

a vascular organ attached to the uterus during pregnancy, permits the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products between mother and fetus

Uterus

hollow, pear-shaped, muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs; the upper part is the fundus, the middle is corpus, lowest is the cervix

Vagina

a muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body

Zygote

stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation up to 2 weeks

Hyster/o

uterus/womb

Mamm/o

breast

Mast/o

breast

Men/o

menses, menstruation

Oophor/o

ovary

Salping/o

fallopian tubes

Endometriosis

endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus

Fibroids

benign tumors in the uterus

Dermoid cysts (pg. 914)

benign ovarian sacs arising from immature egg cells in the ovary and containing a variety of cell types

Stereotactic core needle biopsy

a minimally invasive procedure used to obtain breast tissue samples for examination, often for diagnosing or monitoring breast cancer(use mammo)

Lumpectomy

for small primary tumors, the lump with the immediately surrounding tissue can be removed

Mastectomy

removal of the entire breast

Hysterosalpingography (HSG)

x-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material 

Tubal ligation

blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring

Amniocentesis

needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis

D&C dilation(dilatation) and curettage)

widening of the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus

HPV

human papillomavirus

IUD

intrauterine device; contraceptive

LMP

last menstrual period

Bulbourethral glands

a pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra that secrete fluid into the urethra, also called Cowper glands

Ejaculatory duct

a tube through which semen enters the male urethra

Penis

male external organ

Prostate gland

an exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder, which secretes fluid that contributes to semen during ejaculation

Scrotum

external sac that contains the testes

Seminal vesicles

paired sac-like exocrine glands that secrete fluid (a major component of semen) into the vas deferens

Testis

male gonad (testicle) that produces spermatozoa and testosterone

Vas deferens

a narrow tube on each side carrying sperm from the epididymis towards the urethra, aka ductus deferens

Andr/o

male

Orcho/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

testis, testicle

Cryptorchidism, cryptorchism

undescended testicles

Hydrocele

a sac of clear fluid in the scrotum

Testicular torsion

twisting of the spermatic cord

Castration

surgical excision of the testicles or ovaries

Circumcision

surgical procedures to remove the prepuce (foreskin) of the penis

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

removal of portions of prostate gland through the urethra

Vasectomy

bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens

GU

genitourinary

STD

sexually transmitted disease

STI

sexually transmitted infection