Geometry and Algebra Final Exam Review

A set of practice vocabulary flashcards covering key geometry constructions, transformations, similarity and congruence theorems, trigonometry, coordinate geometry, and circle properties.

Translation

A slide that moves a figure without changing its size or shape.

Reflection

A flip over a line.

Rotation

A turn around a fixed point.

Dilation

A transformation that changes size but not shape.

Scale factor greater than $1$

Enlarges the figure.

Scale factor between $0$ and $1$

Shrinks the figure.

Perpendicular bisector

It cuts a segment in half at $90^\circ$.

Angle bisector

It divides an angle into two equal angles.

Congruent

Same size and same shape.

SSS

Side-Side-Side congruence.

SAS

Side-Angle-Side congruence.

ASA

Angle-Side-Angle congruence.

AAS

Angle-Angle-Side congruence.

HL

Hypotenuse-Leg congruence for right triangles.

Similar

Same shape, proportional sides.

Corresponding angles (Similarity)

They are congruent.

Corresponding sides (Similarity)

They are proportional.

SOH

$\sin(\theta) = \frac{\text{opposite}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$.

CAH

$\cos(\theta) = \frac{\text{adjacent}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$.

TOA

$\tan(\theta) = \frac{\text{opposite}}{\text{adjacent}}$.

Hypotenuse

The side that is always opposite the right angle.

Volume of a rectangular prism

$$V = lwh$$

Volume of a cube

$$V = s^3$$

Surface area

Total area of all faces.

Quadratic function

A function with degree $2$.

Parabola

The shape of the graph of a quadratic function.

Quadratic where $a > 0$

The graph opens upward.

Quadratic where $a < 0$

The graph opens downward.

Vertex

The highest or lowest point of a parabola.

Slope formula

$$m = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}$$

Positive slope

Rises from left to right.

Negative slope

Falls from left to right.

Distance formula

$$d = \sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2}$$

Midpoint formula

$$(\frac{x_1 + x_2}{2} , \frac{y_1 + y_2}{2})$$

Radius

The distance from the center to the circle.

Diameter

The distance across the circle through the center.

Relationship between diameter and radius

$$d = 2r$$

Circumference

$$C = 2\pi r$$

Area of a circle

$$A = \pi r^2$$