Medical Gas Therapy

Acute Hypoxemia

Correct documented or suspected acute hypoxemia due to conditions like pneumonia or V/Q mismatch.

Chronic Hypoxemia management

Decrease workload of breathing associated with chronic hypoxemia in COPD and ILD patients by using O2 therapy.

Hypoxemia Severity Levels

Mild hypoxemia: 60-80 mmHg, Moderate hypoxemia: 40-60 mmHg, Severe hypoxemia: <40 mmHg.

Peripheral Vasodilation

A physiological response where the patient may be warm due to blood vessels expanding.

Pulmonary Vasoconstriction

Increased PVR due to shunting in the lung.

Cerebral Hypoxia Effects

Cerebral hypoxia causes confusion in the patient.

Oxygen Therapy Criteria

Need for O2 therapy is assessed by lab documentation showing PaO2 <60 mmHg, SaO2 <90%, SpO2 <93%.

High FIO2 Risks

Patients are at risk for oxygen toxicity when receiving high FIO2 (>50%) for periods longer than 24 hours.

Retinopathy of Prematurity

Blindness in premature infants due to high PaO2 levels.

Blunted Hypoxic Drive in COPD

COPD patients have a blunted chemoreceptor response due to chronic CO2 levels, affecting their ventilation.

Venturi Mask Purpose

Used to provide a precise amount of oxygen (FiO2) to COPD patients.

Absorption Atelectasis

Occurs with FiO2 above 0.50, leading to alveolar collapse.

Hazardous Effects of Oxygen Therapy

Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, substernal chest pain, refractory hypoxemia, and decreased surfactant production.

O2 Delivery Systems

Systems include low flow (0.5-5L), mid flow (6-15L), and high flow (>15L) oxygen delivery.

Nasal Cannula

Delivers FiO2 of 0.22 to 0.40 with flow rates from ¼ to 6 L/min.

Simple Mask

Requires minimum 5-10 LPM flow, delivers variable FiO2 of 35-50%.

Nonrebreathing Mask

Provides minimum 10 LPM flow delivering 60-80% FiO2.

High Flow Device Requirement

Must provide at least 60 L/min flow.

Air Entrainment Mask (AEM)

Oxygen delivery based on fixed jet size and a fixed entrainment port, unaffected by system flow.

PEEP Functionality

Keeps alveoli open by applying pressure, requiring the patient to breathe spontaneously.

Nitric Oxide Therapy

Improves blood flow to the lung, reduces shunting, and enhances oxygenation in conditions like ARDS and COPD.

Heliox Therapy

Helium therapy that can decrease workload for patients with airway obstructions.

Pulse Oximeters

Devices that measure blood oxygen saturation based on light absorption resulting from arterial blood flow.