Untitled Flashcard Set

Diversity arising from descent with modification

One of the two major concepts in the module's focus.

Homeostasis

The other major concept in the module's focus.

Organization

A property of life where all life is highly ordered and structured.

Cells

All organisms are made of one or more cells.

Unicellular organisms

Organisms that consist of only one cell.

Multicellular organisms

Organisms that consist of many cells.

Example of a unicellular organism

A bacterium.

Four major tissue types in humans

Connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue.

Reproduction

Living things can reproduce themselves either sexually or asexually.

Two major forms of reproduction

Sexual and asexual reproduction.

Metabolism

Taking in and utilizing energy to carry out cellular functions.

Metabolism results in

Growth and development.

Two major processes of metabolism

Anabolism and catabolism.

Response

Living things respond to their environment by sensing external stimuli.

External stimuli

Changes or signals from the environment that organisms can sense and respond to.

Evolution and adaptation

Living things adapt to external pressures and evolve because of them.

Causes of adaptation and evolution

External pressures.

Descent with modification

The idea explaining how diversity arose as organisms changed from ancestral forms over time.

Phylogeny

A representation of relationships and how organisms evolved from a common ancestor.

A phylogeny shows

Evolutionary relationships among organisms.

A phylogeny identifies

A common ancestor as the source of related organisms.

Morphology

The form and structure of an organism, which was traditionally used to classify them.

Classification

Organizes organisms according to their characteristics and relationships.

Modern classification represents

Evolutionary relationships.

Common ancestor

An ancestral organism from which related organisms evolved.

Diversity arose from descent with modification connects

Biodiversity and evolution.

Morphology focuses on

An organism's form and structure.

Common ancestor classification

Organisms can be classified as related because phylogeny represents their shared ancestry.

Purpose of studying phylogeny

To understand evolutionary relationships.

Classification helps organize

The diversity of living organisms.

Difference between morphology and phylogeny

Morphology focuses on form and structure, while phylogeny focuses on evolutionary relationships.

Evolutionary relationship suggests

That two organisms share ancestry to some degree.

Domain Bacteria

Contains single-celled prokaryotes.

Bacteria are

Prokaryotic organisms.

Organisms in Domain Bacteria

Generally single-celled.

Microbial mat

A multi-layered sheet of prokaryotes.

Organisms mostly found in microbial mats

Bacteria.

Other prokaryotes in microbial mats

Archaea.

Structure of a microbial mat

A multi-layered sheet.

Energy source of early microbial mats

From chemicals near hydrothermal vents.

Associated environmental feature with energy source of microbial mats

Hydrothermal vents.

Energy source used by early microbial mats

Chemical energy.

Microbial mats consist mainly of

Prokaryotes.

Two major groups in microbial mats

Bacteria and archaea.

Characteristic shared by bacteria and archaea

Both are prokaryotes.

Domain containing bacteria

Domain Bacteria.

Microbial mats demonstrate about early life

Prokaryotic life could form organized communities.

Hydrothermal vents and microbial mats

Early microbial mats likely used chemicals near hydrothermal vents for energy.

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Contains single-celled prokaryotes.

Three main types of archaea

Methanogens, halophiles, and sulfur archaea.

Methanogens classification

Under Phylum Euryarchaeota.

Halophiles classification

Under Phylum Euryarchaeota.

Sulfur archaea classification

Under Phylum Crenarchaeota.

Groups in Phylum Euryarchaeota

Methanogens and halophiles.

Group in Phylum Crenarchaeota

Sulfur archaea.

Halobacterium salinarum

A halophile.

Habitat of Halobacterium salinarum

Found in hypersaline lakes, preserved food, and preserved hides.

Hypersaline environment

An environment with very high salt concentration.

Characteristic of Halobacterium salinarum

Associated with highly salty environments due to being a halophile.

Organisms in Kingdom Archaebacteria

Single-celled.

Archaebacteria classification

Prokaryotic.

Phylum containing halophiles

Euryarchaeota.

Phylum containing sulfur archaea

Crenarchaeota.

Escherichia coli type

Gram-negative bacteria.

Salmonella type

Gram-negative bacteria.

Escherichia coli found in

Intestines.

Salmonella can cause

Food-borne diseases.

Bacterium associated with intestines

Escherichia coli.

Bacterium associated with food-borne diseases

Salmonella.

Classification shared by E. coli and Salmonella

Both are Gram-negative bacteria.

Example of bacterium found in intestines

Escherichia coli.

Example of bacterium causing food-borne diseases

Salmonella.

E. coli and Salmonella classified under

Gram-negative bacteria.

Domain including E. coli and Salmonella

Domain Bacteria.

General cell type of bacteria

Prokaryotic cells.

Bacteria in Domain Bacteria

Generally unicellular.

Way the module identifies bacteria

Through examples such as E. coli and Salmonella.

Bacterial example linked to disease transmission

Salmonella.

Bacterial example linked to intestines

Escherichia coli.

Kingdom Protista

Described as a diverse group of mostly unicellular eukaryotic organisms.

Protists are

Eukaryotic organisms.

Protists are mostly

Unicellular.

Emphasis about Kingdom Protista

Its diversity.

Organism lacking a rigid shape

Amoeba.

Organism using cilia to move

Paramecium.

Example organisms live in

Freshwater.

Structure Paramecium uses for movement

Cilia.

Characteristic of Amoeba highlighted

It lacks a rigid shape.

Two representative protists

Amoeba and Paramecium.

Kingdom containing Amoeba

Kingdom Protista.

Kingdom containing Paramecium

Kingdom Protista.

Cells in protists

Eukaryotic cells.

Meaning of the word 'mostly' in protists

Indicates that most protists are unicellular.

Protist associated with cilia

Paramecium.

Protist associated with a lack of rigid shape

Amoeba.

Organisms in Kingdom Plantae

Generally described as multicellular eukaryotes.

Plants primarily make food through

Photosynthesis.

Major group in Kingdom Plantae

Green algae.

Nonvascular plant group in Plantae

Bryophytes.

Plant group following bryophytes

Pteridophytes.