earth final short answer

Compare and contrast the Riparian Doctrine and the Prior Appropriation Doctrine, and the circumstances where each one is used to allocate water rights. Your answer should include the following:

a) A brief description of at least four of the main characteristics that define each doctrine.

b) The region(s) where each doctrine is used, and a brief explanation as to why this doctrine is used there.

Explain the process of eutrophication. Your answer should include:

a) A brief explanation of the processes that cause of eutrophication.

b) Consequences of eutrophication for aquatic ecosystems.

Define a) porosity, b) permeability, and c) hydraulic conductivity. Include a brief explanation of how each affects groundwater flow in an aquifer.

Explain how fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) are a form of "fossilized sunlight."

Describe what type of rocks are most commonly source rocks, reservoir rocks, and trap rocks for oil and natural gas. Your answer should also include:

1) Multiple rock types, if more than one kind of rock is commonly a source rock, reservoir rock, or trap rock.

2) A brief explanation of why each rock type is a source rock, reservoir rock, or trap rock.

Briefly explain 3 things that must occur in order for marine microorganisms to turn into oil and gas deposits that can be extracted by conventional methods.

Briefly describe at least three conditions that existed in Earth's geologic history that led to the formation of most of the world's coal deposits.

Briefly explain how sulfur got into coal deposits that formed during the Carboniferous (about 360 to about 300 million years ago). Your answer should include:

1. A brief description of where the sulfur came from.

2. A brief description of how it became concentrated in the coal.

Briefly explain why greenhouse gases (for example, carbon dioxide, or CO₂) heat the atmosphere. Your answer should include an explanation of how these molecules behave, and how this results in heat.

Briefly explain why the slow carbon cycle can be thought of as a "thermostat" for Earth's climate.

Describe three sources of methane (CH₄) emissions discussed in this week's lecture that are likely to contribute significantly to climate change in the future. Your answer should describe the source of the methane, and how methane is released from this source.

Briefly describe the two methods used to extract bitumen from oil sands. For each method, your answer should include:

a) A brief description of the method of extraction.

b) At least one environmental impact associated with this method of extraction.

Describe how extracting kerogen from oil shale speeds up the geologic process. Your answer should include an explanation of each of the steps of conventional oil formation that are being skipped.

Describe how fracking speeds up the geologic process. Your answer should include an explanation of each of the steps of conventional oil formation that are being skipped.