B7 - non communicable diseases

What is a non-communicable disease (NCD)?

NCDs are diseases that cannot be transmitted between people. Examples include heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.

What are risk factors for non-communicable diseases?

Risk factors are a poor diet, lack of physical activity, smoking, and high alcohol intake.

What are the costs associated with non-communicable diseases?

NCDs can decrease quality of life and raise healthcare costs. They affect local families financially and strain national healthcare systems

What is a causal mechanism regarding NCDs?

A causal mechanism outlines how risk factors contribute to the development of diseases. Lifestyle choices can lead to biological changes resulting in NCDs.

What is cancer, and how do benign and malignant tumors differ?

Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Benign tumors are non-cancerous and do not spread, while malignant tumors are cancerous and can invade other tissues.

How does cancer spread throughout the body?

Cancer spreads through metastasis, where cancer cells detach from the original site, travel through the bloodstream , and form new tumors in other areas.

What are some treatments for cancer?

Cancer treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

What are the risk factors for cancer?

Cancer risk factors include genetics, smoking and poor diet, environmental factors , and some viral infections.

How does smoking affect health?

Smoking raises the risk of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, lung diseases, and different types of cancer.

What are the effects of smoking on unborn babies?

Smoking during pregnancy can lead to complications such as low birth weight, premature birth, and developmental problems in the baby.

How do diet and exercise influence obesity and related diseases?

Unhealthy diet and lack of exercise can lead to obesity, which increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and Type II diabetes.

What is a carcinogen?

A carcinogen is any substance that can cause cancer. Examples include alcohol, ionizing radiation, and tar from tobacco.

What effects does alcohol have on the brain and liver?

Excessive alcohol consumption can result in brain damage and liver diseases like cirrhosis and fatty liver disease.

What are the effects of alcohol on unborn babies?

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome, causing physical disabilities and brain impairments.