PSYCH 105 CHAPTER 16

Describe treatment and when individuals seek it

1/5 Canadians suffer from a mental disorder at some point in their life. There are significant personal and social costs of mental disorders, like impairments in the person’s ability to carry out daily activities.

Discuss the financial burdens of seeking treatment

Inability to hold employment or poor job performance and cost of treatment can create large personal and societal burdens

Why do many people fail to seek treatment

• May not realize they have a mental disorder that can be effectively treated

• Barriers to treatment such as beliefs and circumstances may keep people from getting help

• Structural barriers prevent people from physically getting treatment

• Expensive

What is psychotherapy

Interaction between a socially sanctioned clinician and someone suffering from a psychological problem

Define eclectic psychotherapy

Involves drawing on techniques from different forms of therapy. Therapy form depends on client and problem

Discuss psychodynamic psychotherapies

Explore childhood event and encourage individuals to use this understanding to develop insight into their psychological problems

Discuss Psychoanalysis

Assumes humans are born with aggressive and sexual urges that are repressed during childhood by use of defense mechanisms. Goal is for client to understand the unconscious in a process called developing insight.

Discuss interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)

Form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships. Treatment focuses on interpersonal functioning, believing symptoms will subside as interpersonal relations improve.

Discuss Person-centered therapy

Form of psychotherapy that assumes all individuals. Tend to growth, can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions from the therapist.

Discuss Gestalt Therapy

Goal is to help the client become aware of thoughts, behaviours, experiences, and feelings and owning or take responsibility for them.

Discuss behaviour therapy

Involves changing maladaptive behaviour patterns. Assumes that disordered behaviour is learned and that symptom relief is achieved through changing these behaviours into more constructive ones.

Discuss cognitive therapy

Helps a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about self, others, or the world. Cognitive restructuring and mindfulness meditation

What is Cognitive-behavioural therapy

A blend if cognitive and behavioural therapeutic strategies. It is problem-focused and action-oriented.

Discuss Couple Therapy

A married, cohabitating, or dating couple is seen together in therapy to work on problems usually arising within the relationship. Treatment strategies target both parties, focusing on ways to break their dysfunctional pattern.

Discuss family therapy

The entire family is the client, problem behaviours is exhibited by a particular family member result from a dysfunctional family dynamic.

Discuss group therapy

Multiple participants (who often do not know one another at the outset) work on their individual problems in a group atmosphere.

Discuss self-help and support groups

Involves discussion or internet chat groups that focus on a particular disorder or difficult life experience. Groups are often run by peers who struggle with the same issue. Ex. AA

Discuss antipsychotic medications

Medications used to treat schizophrenia a d related psychotic disorders.

Discuss the functions and side effects of antipsychotic medications

Block dopamine receptors in certain parts of brain, they work well for positive symptoms bit negative ones.

Discuss anti-anxiety medications

Drugs that help reduce a person’s experience of fear or anxiety. Most common medication type are benzodiazepines.

Discuss antidepressants

They help to lift people’s mood. Two classes antidepressants

• Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

Discuss phototherapy

Involves repeated exposure to bright light. Used for people with SAD and depression

What is electroconvulsive therapy

Sometimes used to treat severe mental disorders that do not respond to psychological treatment or medication. Involves inducing a mild seizure by delivering an electrical shock to the brain.

What is Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Involves placing a powerful pulsed magnet over a person’s scalp, which alters neuronal activity in the brain. May be used to treat depression.

What is psychosurgery

Involves surgical destruction of specific brain areas to treat severe and unresponsive psychological disorders, rarely used today.

What is Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Deep brain stimulation involves the insertion of battery-powered electrodes that deliver electrical pulses to specific brain areas believed to be causing a person’s mental disorder.

What is natural improvement

Tendency of symptoms to return to their mean or average level

What is the Placebo effect

Inert substance or procedure that has been applied with the expectation that a healing response will be produced

What is reconstructive memory

When the client’s motivation to get well causes errors in memory for the original symptoms

What is a treatment outcome study

Designed to evaluate whether treatment works (often in comparison to another treatment or control condition)

Discuss a double-blind experiment

Both the patient and the researcher/therapist are uninformed about which treatment the patient is receiving.

Discuss Latrogenic illness

Disorder or symptom that occurs as a result of a medical or psychotherapeutic treatment itself