Bennett Biology - Cell Cycle

cell division

The way a cell reproduces.

growth

What cells must do between divisions to make sure that they don't just get smaller and smaller.

DNA

Substance where the genetic information of a cell is carried.

DNA replication

What cells need to do between divisions to make sure that a full set of DNA gets passed on to each daughter cell; during S phase

Interphase

The cell grows, DNA is copied and new organelles form. A cell spends most of its life cycle in this phase.

Prophase

Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane dissolves. Spindle fibers form between the centrioles.

Metaphase

The centromere in each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber and the chromosomes form a line along the middle of the cell.

Anaphase

The chromosomes split apart and the two sets of sister chromatids (daughter chromosomes) move to opposite ends of the cell.

Telophase

New nuclear membranes form around the two sets of daughter chromosomes.

Cytokinesis

The sides of the cell pinch inward, dividing the cytoplasm and forming two daughter cells.

PMAT

The four phases of mitosis

Centrioles

Produce spindle fibers and help to guide the movement of chromosomes.

DNA is duplicated before cell division because:

If the cell's DNA weren't duplicated, then each daughter cell would only get half of a complete set of DNA.

G1 phase

first phase of interphase; cell grows in size

Synthesis (S) phase

a cell's DNA is copied during this phase; at the end of this phase, each chromosome consists of two chromatids attached at the centromere

G2 phase

Cell prepares to divide

G0 phase

A nondividing state in which a cell has left the cell cycle.

cancer

A disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them.

Mitosis

Process producing 2 genetically identical copies of a cell.