endocrine system

what is the primary function of the endocrine gland

produce hormones

where are hormones secreted by the endocrine released

bloodtsream

where do hormones that the endocrine release act on

distant tissues

what is the type of hormones that are released to adjacent tissues called

paracrine

what origin are endocrine cells from

epithelial

what responds to hormone signals

target cells with receptors

acts on the same cell that secreted them

autocrine

secreted by one cell and diffuse to adjacent cells

paracine

amino acid based hormone

prehormone & prohormone

what is the parent compound for all steroid hormones

cholesterol

what happens to a prehormone for it to become a prohormone

enzymes in the ER chop off its signal sequence

where are steroid hormone receptors found

cytoplasm

what is the pituitary stalk called

infundibulum

what are the 3 components of the anterior pituitary

pars distalis, pars intermedia, pars tuberalis

what are the 2 components of the posterior lobe

pars nervosa & infundibulum

what controls the pituitary gland

hypothalamus

what do hypothalamic neurons syntehsize

oxytocin and ADH

adrenocorticotropic hormone

ACTH

follicle-stimulating hormone

FSH

luteinizing hormone

LH

thyroid-stimulating hormone

TSH

which part of the pituitary gland secretes ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH

anterior pituitary hormone

what part of the pituitary gland secretes oxytocin and ADH

posterior pituitary hormone

what are the 4 components of the adrenal gland

zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis, adrenal medulla

where do the adrenal glands lie

above the kidneys

what does the zona glomerulose secrete

aldosterone

what does the zona fasciculata secrete

glucocorticoids

what does the zona reticularis secrete

sex steroids (estrogens and androgens)

what does the adrenal medulla secrete

NE and E

what is the function of the pineal gland

regulates circadian rhythm (sleep-wake cycle)

what hormones does the pineal gland secrete

melatonin & serotonin

when does the pineal gland release

when its night time

what does the follicular thyroid cells release

T3 and T4

what does the parafollicular thyroid cells release

calcitonin

what does calcitonin inhibit

osteoclasts

where is the pancrease

posterior wall of abdominal cavity

pancreatic islets of endocrine cells

islets of langerhans

what do alpha cells secrete

glucagon

where does glucagon signal

liver

what do beta cells secrete

insulin

what doe delta cells secrete

somatostatin

what does somatostatin inhibit

the secretion of glacagon and insulin

what do PP cells secrete

pancreatic polypeptide

what do pancreatic polypeptide cells inhibit

exocrine activity