The Ultimate Guide to AP United States Government and Politics (copy)

What philosophical movement began in the 18th century that emphasized reason over tradition?

Enlightenment

Who wrote the book Leviathan and believed in absolute authority of a monarch?

Thomas Hobbes

What is the term for the agreement where individuals sacrifice some freedoms for government protection according to Hobbes?

Social contract

In Second Treatise on Civil Government, which philosopher argued that natural rights must be protected?

John Locke

What are the three natural rights identified by John Locke?

Life, liberty, and property

What concept did Montesquieu advocate for to prevent tyranny in government?

Separation of powers

What is the name of the agreement reached during the Constitutional Convention that counted three-fifths of enslaved people for representation?

Three-Fifths Compromise

What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?

To support the ratification of the Constitution and explain its principles

Which article of the Constitution outlines the Legislative Branch?

Article I

What term refers to the clause that allows Congress to make any laws deemed necessary and proper?

Necessary and proper clause (elastic clause)

What was the main concern that led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights?

To protect individual rights from government infringement

What landmark case established the principle of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison

According to the Constitution, who has the power to declare war?

Congress

In what year was the Voting Rights Act passed?

1965

What is the primary function of the Executive Office of the President?

To assist the president in carrying out administrative responsibilities.

What is the term for laws that prohibit discrimination based on race, color, gender, or national origin?

Civil Rights.

Which Supreme Court case ruled that school segregation was unconstitutional?

Brown v. Board of Education.

What system gives states and national governments shared powers?

Federalism.

What type of democracy emphasizes broad participation in politics by all people?

Participatory democracy.

What defines the right to vote in a specific election cycle?

Voter turnout.

What best describes a government wherein citizens are charged with exercising their rights, responsibilities, and representing their interests?

Republicanism.

What do we call the system of government in which decisions are made by external member-state legislation?

Confederation.

What term refers to the way groups represent their interests through activism?

Pluralist democracy.