Pharmacology and Dermatology Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering pharmacology mnemonics, antibiotic mechanisms and safety, antivirals, and dermatological drug applications based on the lecture transcript.

Ceftriaxone (Mnemonic)

Cef (cephalosporin), Tri (3rd gen), Axone (crosses blood brain barrier).

Losartan (Mnemonic)

Lo (lowers BP), ARTAN (Angiotensin Receptor Two Antagonist).

Apixaban (Mnemonic)

Xa BAN (factor 10a inhibitor).

Metformin (Mnemonic)

Met (metabolic), Form (glucose formation), In (inhibitor).

Penicillins MOA

Bactericidal: kills bacteria by weakening the cell wall causing an influx of fluid that causes the cells to burst.

Penicillins Test Tip (Mono)

If given to a patient with mono, a non-allergic rash will occur.

Penicillin and Cephalosporin Cross-sensitivity

Both contain a beta-lactam ring; do not give to patients with an anaphylactic allergy to the other class.

Fluoroquinolones MOA

Bactericidal: kills bacteria by interfering with DNA gyrase, inhibiting DNA synthesis and bacterial growth.

Fluoroquinolones BBW

Black Box Warning for TENDONITIS/TENDON RUPTURE and may exacerbate Myasthenia Gravis (MG) symptoms.

Fluoroquinolones Safety

Not safe for pregnancy/breastfeeding, not recommended for under 18 y/o, and not safe for patients with Marfan's or uncontrolled HTN.

Macrolides MOA

Bacteriostatic: prevents bacterial replication by penetrating bacterial walls and inhibiting protein synthesis.

Macrolides Adverse Effects

Ototoxicity, prolonged QT, and hepatotoxicity.

Tetracyclines MOA

Bacteriostatic: prevent bacterial replication through binding to the ribosomal subunit of bacteria and preventing RNA binding.

Tetracyclines Adverse Effects

Skeletal growth defects, tooth discoloration, photosensitivity, and esophageal injury.

Tetracyclines Education

Not recommended for under 8 y/o; absorption reduced if taken with metals/dairy; drink with a full glass of water and wait before lying down to prevent esophagitis.

Sulfonamides MOA

Bacteriostatic: prevent bacterial replication by inhibiting folic acid production which then inhibits DNA and RNA replication.

Sulfonamides Drug Interaction

Can increase INR in a patient taking warfarin; caution with ACE/ARB due to hyperkalemia risk.

Nitrofurantoin MOA

Bacteriostatic at low concentrations and bactericidal at high concentrations; inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis.

Nitroimidazoles (Metronidazole) Adverse Effects

N/V/D, Disulfiram reaction with alcohol, and CNS side effects.

HSV Drugs (Acyclovir/Valacyclovir)

Prevents viral replication through preventing DNA synthesis; most effective if initiated within 72 hours of symptom onset.

Oseltamivir MOA

Prevents viral replication through inhibiting neuraminidase; used for Influenza A & B.

Topical Steroids MOA

Induces lipocortins to decrease synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

Topical Steroid Potency Hierarchy

Lotion (Lowest Potency) < Sprays < Foams/Solutions/Gels < Lotions < Creams < Ointments (Highest Potency).

Mupirocin Use

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis; used for Impetigo and nasal MRSA colonization.

Permethrin MOA

Disrupts sodium channel function in the nerve cells of parasites; used for lice and scabies.

Tretinoin Safety

Not safe for pregnancy; use sunscreen due to photosensitivity; may worsen acne for the first 4-6 weeks.

Isotretinoin BBW

Severe life-threatening birth defects; patient must be on 2 forms of birth control and take monthly pregnancy tests.