Comprehensive Guide to Alcohol Use, Obesity, and Physical Activity

What are some direct health consequences of excessive alcohol use?

Liver damage, cirrhosis, hepatitis, brain damage, cardiovascular effects, cancer.

What is behavioral disinhibition?

A reduction in the association between attitudes and behavior due to alcohol use.

What is alcohol myopia?

A phenomenon where behavior is influenced by the most salient cues rather than the most important or relevant ones.

What did MacDonald et al. (1995) study regarding alcohol use?

They assessed how intoxicated participants' attitudes and intentions toward drinking and driving were influenced by the manner in which questions were presented.

What were the findings of MacDonald et al. (1995) regarding drinking and driving intentions?

Intoxicated participants showed higher intentions to drink and drive when asked contingent questions compared to non-contingent questions.

What is the tension-reduction theory?

The theory that people drink to cope with negative emotions.

What did Hull & Young (1983) find about self-consciousness and alcohol consumption?

High self-conscious individuals consumed more wine in failure conditions than in success conditions.

What is social learning theory in the context of alcohol use?

The theory that people learn norms for alcohol use through modeling, including advertisements and social norms.

What is pluralistic ignorance?

The assumption that one's own attitudes and beliefs differ from others', despite similar behaviors.

What are some prevention strategies for excessive alcohol use?

Early intervention, providing information about consequences, skills training, challenging expectations, and social influence.

What are the two principles of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)?

People who abuse alcohol are lifelong alcoholics, and any alcohol consumption after abstinence could trigger a binge.

What is the purpose of classical conditioning techniques in alcohol treatment?

To pair alcohol with an aversive stimulus to discourage consumption.

What is the set-point theory in relation to body weight?

The theory that the body seeks to maintain a certain weight, adjusting metabolism based on caloric intake.

How is obesity measured?

Using Body Mass Index (BMI), calculated as weight in kg divided by height in meters squared.

What are the BMI categories?

Underweight: less than 18.5, Normal: 18.5-24.9, Overweight: 25-29.9, Obese: 30 or greater.

What is the internal-external hypothesis in eating behavior?

The idea that individuals use external cues rather than internal cues to regulate eating.

What is restraint theory?

The theory that people restrict their food intake to lose weight, which can lead to disinhibition when they violate their diet.

What are some psychological factors influencing eating?

Mood regulation, emotional eating, stress eating, and the use of food to manage moods.

What are some barriers to physical activity?

Time, money, energy, self-efficacy, and environmental barriers.

What are some interventions to increase physical activity?

Changing environmental factors, creating habits, providing social support, and promoting lifestyle changes.

What is the relationship between dieting and stress according to Tomiyama et al. (2010)?

Dieting can increase stress levels, with restricting food intake leading to higher cortisol levels.

What are the health consequences of obesity?

Increased likelihood of chronic diseases, increased mortality risk, and controversial views on 'fat but fit'.

What is the significance of the waist-to-hip ratio in obesity measurement?

It helps assess the distribution of fat in the body, indicating health risks associated with obesity.

What is the role of genetic factors in obesity?

Genetic factors may influence metabolism and contribute to variations in weight gain among individuals.

What is the impact of social influences on alcohol consumption among students?

Students may believe there is excessive alcohol use on campus while thinking that their peers approve of it.