UNIT 3: Land-Based Empires
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This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts related to the expansion and administration of land-based empires, focusing on methods of legitimizing and consolidating power.
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15 Terms
Ottoman Empire
An empire that expanded in the 14th century, known for using gunpowder weapons to control much of Southwestern Europe and Anatolia.
Janissaries
Elite fighting force in the Ottoman Empire, composed mainly of enslaved Christians from the Balkans.
Devshirme System
The Ottoman practice of enslaving and converting Christian boys to Islam to create loyal bureaucrats and soldiers.
Safavid Empire
An empire that expanded in the 16th century in the Middle East, known for using gunpowder weapons and creating a military from enslaved Christians.
Legitimizing Power
Methods used by rulers to establish their authority over their states.
Consolidating Power
Methods used by rulers to transfer power from other groups to themselves.
Divine Right of Kings
The belief that monarchs are God's representatives on Earth, which helped to legitimize their rule.
Zamindar System
A tax-collection system used in the Mughal Empire where elite landowners collected taxes from peasants for the government.
Tax Farming
The practice by the Ottomans of selling the right to collect taxes from subjects.
Sikhism
A syncretic religion that developed from the blending of Hindu and Islamic doctrines in South Asia.
Safavid-Mughal Conflict
A series of wars over territory in modern Afghanistan between the Safavid Empire (Shi'a) and the Mughal Empire (Sunni), which also had a religious dimension.
Shi'a Islam
A branch of Islam that believes in the rightful succession of Ali and his descendants.
Sunni Islam
A branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad.
Bureaucracy
A system of government officials who ensure laws are upheld throughout an empire.
Monumental Architecture
Large structures built by rulers to legitimize and consolidate their power, such as the Sun Temple of Cuzco and the Palace of Versailles.