ARH 103 Exam 2 chapters 18, 36, and 37 quiz review

for ARH 103 at UAH

Teotihuacán

A preclassic site with a 9 square mile urban center, laid out on a grid, divided by major avenues, and featured many pyramid structures.

Mississipian

mound-building culture that inhabited the much of eastern region of what is now the United States

Tumbaga

alloy the bat-faced man talisman was made out of by the Tairona people

wall paintings

class of ancient artworks found in situ in many parts of the city of Teotihuacán

weavings

most valued status symbol among the ancient Andean peoples

gorget and celt

two categories of Native American art objects that could be considered "portable"

gorget

a neck pendant

celt

a small, axe shaped figure, popular among Olmecs

Tumbaga

an alloy of gold and copper

site core

term archaeologists use to refer to the enclosed ceremonial and administrative precincts in the center of Maya cities

Effigy mound

mound type of the Mississippian Serpent Mound in Illinois

the Castillo

structure at Chichen Itzá was found to consist of a new pyramid built over an older pyramid

Nasca

group that produced numerous ceramic vessels with round bottoms, double spouts, and smooth polychrome surfaces

Nasca

group known for their large earth drawings/lines

Tikal, Copan, and Palenque

Maya sites of the Classic Period

La Venta

an Olmec site

Olmec

group considered to be the mother culture of Mesoamerican Mexico

Ancestral Puebloans

group that built complexes at Chaco Canyon and Cliff Palace

Talud-tablero construction

distinguishing architectural technique used by Teotihuacán pyramid builders

Talud-tablero construction method

an alternation of sloping (talud) and vertical (tablero) facing blocks over a rubble core

Bonampak

Maya site providing a series of painted murals that provide much information about Maya society and court life

What is recorded in the Bonampak murals?

important aspects of Maya court life, showing costumes, ceremonies, and activities that took place on temple platforms

Highly burnished red-orange with light incision

description of the ceramic figurines produced by the Mesoamerican Colima culture

Colima tomb figures

ceramic red-orange figures

Superimposition

common trait in Mesoamerican architecture

Superimposition

architectural trait of The Aztec Great Temple, Tenochtitlán, Mexico City, ca. 1400–1500,

The Codex Mendoza

A document made for Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain. It summarizes the history of the Mexica through the Spanish conquest of 1521.

Machu Picchu

the estate of Inka emperor Pachacuti

Hiram Bingham

American who “discovered” Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu

structure that is made of stone, with buildings sited to facilitate the tracking of astronomical events.

Northwest Coast

area in which transformation mask would be found

Transformation Mask

tool used sacred rituals, especially those concerned with healing

Using clothing as an expression of political power

Inka practice that is reflected by the distinctive and varied clothing of today's indigenous Andean peoples

Inka clothing

Bands of small squares woven into abstract patterns that probably had political meaning, connoting membership in particular social groups.

Ledger painting

Plains art form that continued to flourish during the reservation period in the late 19th century

Traders, the army, and Indian agents provided Plains people with what?

pencils and new or discarded ledgers

their heroic past and vanished lifestyle, and their reactions to new surroundings

Topics recorded by plains artists in ledgers

They were destroyed by the Spanish conquistadors.

Why do so few Postclassic Maya books remain?

History, rituals, astronomical tables, and other stories and information.

What were Postclassic Maya books about?

totemic emblems of clan groups

forms carved on poles placed in front of Haida houses

Coiling technique

Pueblo pottery method

stone blocks fit together without mortar

ashlar masonry

ashlar masonry

The Inka building technique used to build the Temple of the Sun in Cuzco, Peru.

male designers and female weavers

workforce making Chilkat blankets

A tool used to record numbers and categories using the decimal system

khipu

Aztec goddess famed for being dismembered

Coyolxauhqui, the moon goddess

Sand paintings

sacred art the Navajo do not permit the reproduction of

purpose of sand paintings

an essential part of ceremonies for curing disease

Pueblo people

group that taught the Navajo to create sand paintings

Kuaua Pueblo kiva

male council house

Hawaii

culture of the Polynesian feather cloak of Kamehameha III

kula exchanges

practice where white conus-shell arm ornaments are traded for red chama-shell necklaces

Trobrianders in Papua New Guinea

trading people that carve ornate prows and splashboards on their canoes

References to sea spirits, ancestors, and totemic animals

imagery ornate prows and splashboards on Trobriander canoes reveal

The body of the ultimate ancestor, the sky father

symbolism of the structural features of the barge boards, the ridge beam, and the rafters in a Maori Wharenui

Maori Wharenui

communal meeting house

generic images of Ancestral chiefs

moai of Rapa Nui (Easter Island)

representation of headhunting raid and memorial to deceased

Asmat bisj poles

warfare or lineage

how Marquesan chiefs traditionally acquired power in the period before European contact

'ahu 'ula

Hawaiian feather cloaks, belonging to men of high rank

Yams

thing revered by Abelam in Papua New Guinea

yam mask

mask attached to the "heads" of the long yams displayed during ceremonies to honor the ancestors

Hevehe

practice of the Elema people of Orokolo Bay in the Papuan Gulf

Small and portable

qualities shared by most Australian Aboriginal art

front, middle, and end—representing the three major clans who built it

three sections of Iatmul ceremonial men's houses in East Sepik, Papua New Guinea

animals representing the idea of headhunting

Asmat bisj poles include representations of the praying mantis and the cuscus show

The rising sun

symbolism of the rooster on the men's house, or bai, from Belau, in the Caroline Islands

Blellek

Deity of Belau who warns women to stay away from the ocean and the bai.

representation of the strength and the nurturing of a deceased chief

The inclusion of male genitals and female breasts in uli statues from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea

Malangga festivals in Papua New Guinea

practice of an ancestor cult and honor the dead

indicate that their intent was peaceful

reason Chuuk seafarers in the Caroline Islands lower their canoe prow ornaments when approaching another vessel

reason the Chuuk people of the Caroline Islands in Micronesia carve canoes and fashion charms and images of spirits

to protect travelers at sea and for fishing and fertility magic

Human, bird, and serpent motifs appear on the prows and splashboard in reference to sea spirits, ancestors, and totemic animals ensured a successful kula expedition

function of the decorated canoe prow and splashboard from the Trobriand Islands in Papua New Guinea

the X-ray style

style employed by Aboriginal artists of Australia, particularly in their bark paintings

The "primitive" quality

aspect of Oceanic art that was a strong influence on Western artists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries

Exalted, deified ancestor figures

kind of tiki carvings figures Marquesas Islands hair ornaments are in the form of

Women of high rank

people responsible for producing the barkcloth made in Tonga since the late 18th century

making barkcloth

activity of women's organizations (kautaha) in Tonga