Week 9- addictive disorders

Substance Use Disorder (SUD)

A treatable mental disorder affecting behavior, leading to an inability to control the use of legal/illegal drugs, alcohol, or medications.

Addiction

A term used to describe the underlying disease process or problematic behavioral compulsion. Note: Addiction itself is not a formal medical diagnosis or label.

Use

Any use of a substance.

Misuse

Harmful use.

Abuse (DSM-IV)

Repeated use interfering with health, work, or social life.

Dependence (DSM-IV)

An adaptive state resulting in withdrawal upon cessation.

Use Disorder (DSM-5)

Replaced the separate categories of 'abuse' and 'dependence'.

Impaired Control

Taking larger amounts than intended, persistent desire to cut down, spending significant time obtaining/using, and experiencing cravings.

Social Impairment

Failure to fulfill major obligations, continued use despite interpersonal problems, and reduction of important activities.

Risky Use

Use in physically hazardous situations or despite knowing it causes physical/psychological problems.

Pharmacological Criteria

Includes tolerance (needing more for the same effect) and withdrawal (syndrome occurring when concentrations decline).

Mild Severity

2-3 symptoms present within a 12-month period.

Moderate Severity

4-5 symptoms present within a 12-month period.

Severe Severity

6 or more symptoms present within a 12-month period.

Intoxication

Recent ingestion causing clinically significant psychological/behavioral changes (e.g., slurred speech, unsteady gait, impaired judgment).

Withdrawal

Symptoms developed due to the cessation of heavy, prolonged use (e.g., tremors, insomnia, nausea, anxiety).

Medication-Induced Mental Disorders

Mental health symptoms (e.g., psychosis, mood, anxiety) that develop during or within one month of intoxication or withdrawal.

Co-occurrence

Individuals with mental health disorders (MHD) are significantly more likely to have a SUD compared to the general population.

Personality Disorders

18x more likely to have a SUD (36% prevalence).

Bipolar Disorders

11x more likely to have a SUD (23% prevalence).

Schizophrenia

11x more likely to have a SUD (22% prevalence).

Moral Models

Attribute use to moral weakness, impulsivity, or 'addictive personality' traits like sensation seeking.

Disease Models

View addiction as a lifelong, progressive pathology requiring medical treatment.

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

Operates on the 'Enlightenment model,' suggesting alcoholism is irreversible and requires relinquishing control to a 'higher power' and total abstinence.

Social Learning Model

Emphasizes environmental influences, peer pressure, familial permissive attitudes, and social skills.

Biological Model

Focuses on genetic factors and deficits in neural circuitry related to reward (incentive salience), executive function, and stress responses.

Biopsychosocial Model

A multifactorial approach looking at the interaction of biological, psychological, and social forces.

Public Health Model

Examines the interaction between the Drug (purity, amount), the Individual (age, mood, tolerance), and the Environment (cultural background, setting).

Gambling Disorder

Classified as a behavioral addiction, it requires at least four symptoms in a year, such as needing to gamble with more money for excitement, 'chasing' losses, or lying to conceal activity.