trauma + geriatic packet for quiz

Geriatrics

Medicine focuses on older pt

Polypharmacy

Using multiple medicines at once

Pharmacokinetics

How I medicine reacts in the body

Homeostasis

Maintaining balance

Advance directives

Legal doc. Explaining a pt medical wishes once unconscious

DNR

No cpr for this pt

Living will

A legal document that states what med. Tx. S pt wants/doesnt during unconscious

Power of attorney for healthcare

Legally assigned to pt. To make med. Decisions for pt

2 changes in cardiovascular system with aging

Blood vessels stiffens

Bone becomes more brittle

Heart pumps less

Why are older adults at higher risks for heart disease and stroke

Due to blood vessels becoming narrow and less flexible

What happens to lung elasticity with aging

Less elastic and harder to expand

How does aging affect o2 exchange

Becomes less efficient so less o2 enters bloodstream

Changes that occurs in the brain and nervous system due to aging

Slower reaction times, less nerve functions, possible memory decline

Why might pain receptors change in older pt

Nerve sensitivity decreases making pain harder

Two musculoskeletal changes due to aging

Loss bone density

Muscle weakness

Why are geriatrics prone to fractions

Bones become more brittle

3 common occurrences of AMS in older pt

Infection

Medication side effects

Low o2 low blood sugar

Why would older pt have atypical symptoms during illnesses

Immune systems are weaker so symptoms. Are different

Two factors that increases fall risk

Poor balance

Muscle weakness

Med causing dizziness

Why are infections harder to detect in older pt

Not same symptoms as the younger ones, developing slower

Two common infections in older pt

UTI

Pneumonia

Why are older pt. More sensitive to drugs

Aging lowers metabolism and kidney/liver functions which makes it stay

Risks due to polypharmacy

Medications reacting together badly

OD

Why is obtaining a complete medical list important

Shows in detail if yes medications r causing the symptoms the pt is feeling

Why would vital signs appear normal even when the older pt. Are seriously ill

Low physiological responses so bodies wont show typical signs like fevers, tachycardia, and during serious illnesses

Layers of the skin

Epidermis

Dermis

Subcutaneous

Functions of the skin

Epidermis: function

Dermis: temp

Subconcutanous: sensation

Abrasion

Scrapping away oof the outer skin

Laceration

A cut/tear in the skin

Avulsion

Skin or tissue torn completely

Puncture

Deep wound

3 type of external bleeding

Arterial (bright and red and spurting)

Venous (dark red)

Capillary (slow)

First step in bleeding control is

Apply pressure

Tourniquet should be used when

Pressure does not help the bleed

Signs of hypo perfusion (low circulation)

AMS

Pale cool clammy skin

Rapid weak pulse

Dressing is

Covers and protects the wound

Bandage is

Securing the dressing

Neck contains airway structures

Trachea

Larynx

Neck contains major blood vessels

Carotid artery

Jugular veins

Neck contains spine segment

Cervical spine

Priority for facial injuries

Open airway

2 signs of airway compromise

Diff breathing

Noisy breathing (like gurgling)

TX for epistaxis

Sit pt upright

Pinch nostrils

Apply pressure (10-15 mins)

How to care for a open neck injury

Control bleed with light pressure

Monitor abcs

Apply dressing

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Headache concussions dizziness fatigues, etc, due to severe physical trauma

Primary injury

Damage that occurs at the moment of impact

Secondary symptoms

Damage develops over time such as bleeding, bruising, etc

Signs of ICP

Low LOC

Unequal pupils

Committing / severe headache

GCS for eyes

4 spontaneous

3 verbal

2 pain

1 none

GCS for verbal response

5 orientated

4 confused

3 inappropriate response

2 incomprehensible sounds

1 none

GCS scale for motor response

6 obeys command

5 localize pain

4 withdraws from pain

3 abnormal flexión

2 abnormal extension

1 none

Perfect GCS score vs critical

15

8

Mechanisms hat suggest spinal injuries

High energy trauma

Direct blows to head and neck

Twisting flexión or hyperextension injuries

Spinal motion restriction is indicated when

Pt has neurological defect (numb, tingling) AMS, pain or tenderness along spine

When should helmers be removed

Affects abcs

Interfears with mobility

Prevents care

Organs in thoracic cavity

Hearts

Lungs

Vessels

Pneumothorax

Air in pleural space, collapsed lung causing sob

Tension pneumothorax

Progressive air buildup

Open pneumothorax

Sucking chest wound

Flail chest

Segment of rib cage

Cardiac temponage

Fluid in peri. Sac compressing the heart

Chest injuries signs

Sob

Coughing blood

Bruising swelling deformity

Quadrants of abdomen

Right upper

Right lower

Left upper

Left lower

Solid organs

Liver

Spleen

Kidneys

Pancreas

Hollow organs

Stomach

Large and small intestine

Bladder

Internal bleeding signs

Tenderness and dissection

Pale clammy skin

Ams

(This can lead to hemmoragic shock)

Evisceration

Internal organs protrude through abdomen

Treatment for evisceration

Cover organs with moist sterile dressing

Keep pt spine

Give o2

Don’t put organs back

Blood in urine means

Injury in kidneys or bladder

Fracture

Break in bone

Dislocation

Bone forced out of joint

Sprain

Stretching of the ligament

Strain

Stretching of muscle

CSM (circulation sensation movement) importance

Checks blood flow

Nerve system

Movement beyond injury site

Ensures limb is not compressed

Splinting should immobilize

The join above and below the injury

Splinting should be done during

A fracture, dislocation, or severe sprain

Compartment symndrome

Severe pain out of proportion to injury

Swelling and tightness of the limb

Open fractures major concern

Bleeding and risk of infection

Trauma assessment

Form gen impression

ABC’s

Head to toe

Vitals and signs

DCAP-BTLS BREAKDOWN

Deformities

Contusion

Abrasion

Punctures

Burns

Tenderness

Lacerations

Swelling