Period 4

Expansion of Suffrage

Transition from property-based voting to all adult white men voting, accompanied by the growth of political parties.

Jefferson's Presidency

Jefferson's policies including military reduction, repeal of excise taxes, Louisiana Purchase, and Embargo Acts.

War of 1812

Conflict with Britain over western expansion, Native alliances, War Hawks' influence, and opposition from New England merchants.

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival in the early 19th century, emphasizing salvation, emotional preaching, and the rise of evangelical sects.

Transcendentalism

Movement led by Emerson and Thoreau, focusing on intuition, nature, self-reliance, and antislavery sentiments.

Cult of Domesticity

Idealized view of women as moral leaders in the home, leading to the Seneca Falls Convention and the fight for women's rights.

Erie Canal

Linked western farms with eastern cities, stimulating economic growth, lower food prices, and increased immigration.

Factory System

Expansion of factories, interchangeable parts, Lowell textile mills, and the rise of unions due to poor working conditions.

Market Revolution

Impact on society, workers, gender roles, and family relations, leading to social mobility and the growth of financial businesses.

Cotton Gin

Invention by Eli Whitney in 1793, revolutionizing cotton production, increasing slavery, and boosting exports to British textile factories.

Wealth in the South

Measured in terms of land and slaves, with the planter aristocracy dominating state legislatures to favor large landholders' economic interests.

Frontier Life

Frontier people exhausted soil, cleared forests, and had little understanding of nature's fragility, facing diseases and malnutrition similar to early colonists.

U.S

Shaped by the interest in expanding national borders and foreign trade, leading to initiatives like the Louisiana Purchase, War of 1812, and Monroe Doctrine.

Native American Removal

Marked by events like the Indian Removal Act of 1830, Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, Worcester v. Georgia, and the Trail of Tears.

Manifest Destiny

Belief in the divine mission to extend U.S. power across North America, driven by nationalism, population growth, economic development, technological advances, and reform ideals.

Annexation of Texas

Marked by tensions over slavery, the Aroostook War, Webster-Ashburton Treaty, and the failed annexation attempts by John Tyler.

Oregon Territory

Settled by Protestant missionaries and farmers, leading to the Oregon Trail migration and the division of the territory at the 49th parallel between British Canada and the U.S.

War with Mexico

Fought over territories like California and New Mexico, leading to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which recognized the Rio Grande as Texas' southern border and ceded California and New Mexico to the U.S.

Sectional Debates

Renewed over the extension of slavery into new territories, with the acquisition of western lands leading to conflicts between Northerners and Southerners.

Missouri Compromise

Created by Henry Clay to balance sectionalism, admitting Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and prohibiting future slavery north of the 36°30' line.