Industrial Revolution

entrepreneur

person who assumes all financial risk in starting a business (business man)

labor union

An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members

enclosure system

taking and fencing off land formerly shared by peasants to create larger fields

urbanization

movement of people from rural areas (country) to the cities

enterprise

business organization in a specific area, such as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories

Why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain

natural resources, coal and iron

rivers for transportation and power

ready work force (people willing to work)

high demand for goods

increased population

capital (money used for investment)

stable government

James Watt

Improved the steam engine

6 effects of the Agricultural Revolution

Increased population

Increase in life expectancy

Decrease in farming jobs available

People move to cities in search of work

Better hygiene and sanitation

Decline in famine(hunger)

6 social impacts of the Industrial Revolution

Urbanization

Poor living conditions-tenements

Bad working conditions

Child labor

Rise of labor unions

Growth of a middle class

positives of factory work

-people could earn money

5 negatives of factory work

-poor working conditions

-long hours

-low pay

-dangerous jobs

-mistreatment of children

capital

money; used to start a business

cottage/domestic system

goods made by hand in the home

Henry Bessemer

This man revolutionized the way to manufacture steel by making the process quicker and more efficient

Eli Whitney

American inventor of the cotton gin

James Hargreaves

English inventor of the spinning jenny

Factory Acts

Child labor reform

Lasseiz-faire

Government does not get involved with business. Supply and demand regulates the economy

Agricultural Revolution

Improved farming methods

strike

Nonviolent refusal to continue to work until a problem is resolved.

Conditions in tenements

Overcrowding and filth in new tenements promoting the spread of deadly diseases, such as cholera, typhoid, and tuberculosis

working conditions in early factories

machine noise could be deafening, poor lighting and ventilation, frequent fires and accidents were caused by fatigue, faulty equipment, and careless training

What natural resources allowed England to industrialize first? (3)

1. (water power/coal) ~ power new machines

2. (iron ore) ~ to construct machines, tools, and buildings

3. (rivers and harbors) ~ allow for transportation of natural resources and finished goods

How did railroads drive industrial growth? (3)

1. gives manufactures a cheap way to transport raw materials and finished products.

2. created thousands of new jobs for laying track and mining for coal.

3. increased agricultural and fishing industries ~ now able to transport to distant cities.

textiles

cloth goods made of linen, wool or cotton (clothing)

Industrial Revolution

A period during the late eighteenth century when machine power was substituted for human power, making it more economical to manufacture goods in factories than at home.

Adam Smith

(Scottish economist) in The Wealth of Nations, he created the concept of laissez-faire ( government should leave economy alone) & applied natural law to means of production & exchange (supply & demand); saw mercantilism as government interference in economy or free trade; believed that enlightened self-interest would create the best production & exchange for market conditions; government should only have 3 roles: protect society from invasion (army); defend citizens from injustice (police); & keep up public works (roads, canals, bridges) that private individuals could not afford to provide but that society needed

Capitalism

An economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit; these ideas also helped to bring about the Industrial Revolution