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Universal Solvent

________  Dissolves molecules and ions  Dipolar nature of water, which causes it to orient around charged particles dissolved in it.

d3

 Includes cholesterol, vitamin ________, adrenocortical hormones, and sex hormones Amino acids and Proteins:  Proteins are large complex molecules composed of 20 kinds of amino acids  Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form a long, chain- like polymers  Through condensation process.

Abiogenesis

________  the origin of life from nonliving matter specifically: a theory in the evolution of early life on earth: organic molecules and subsequent simple life forms first originated from inorganic substances Biogenesis  Life comes from pre- existing life  Bio means life and genesis means beginning.

High Surface

________ Tension  Produces Cohesiveness  Important for maintaining protoplasmic form and movement.

Phospholipid

________  When this added to water, they self- assemble into double- layered structures called bilayers, shielding their hydrophobic portions from water.

Central Dogma

3 step Process: ________  Replication  Transcription  Translation States that the pattern of information that occurs most frequently in our cells is: from existing DNA to make new DNA (Replication); From DNA to make new Protein (Transcription); From Rna to Proteins (translation) Organic of Living Systems: After a week of Continuous sparking, approximately 15 % of the carbon from the reducing "atmosphere "had been converted into organic compounds that were collected in the ocean.

Biochemical Theory

________  Chemical and physical processes in Earths primordial environment eventually produced the simple cells.

Stromatolites

________:  Fossilized layered microbial mats.

Prions

________  Misfolded proteins that could transmit their misfolded shape onto normal variants of the same protein.

High specific heat capacity

________= 4.18j  A Large amount of energy is required to change the temperature of the water.

Cosmozoic theory

Interplanetary /________  Richter (1865) helmholtz (1884) and Arrhenius (1908)  Suggested that life reached the earth from some heavy body through meteorites.

Primary Heterotrophs

________:  The earliest postulated microorganisms.

Protobionts

________: precursor to early life and resemble very simple cells.

Origin of Metabolism

________: Autotrophs  Organisms that can synthesize their own food from inorganic sources using light or another source of energy.

Unit 2

Origin and Chemical of Life Francisco Redi experiment Open meat

Panspermia

a primitive form of life

 Water evaporation in the form of sweat results in significant heat loss from the body

stabilizing body temperature > and protecting living organisms from extreme thermal fluctuation

Low Viscosity

flow  Permitting movement of blood through minute capillaries and of cytoplasm inside cellular boundaries

 hydrolysis

compounds are split into smaller pieces by the addition of a molecule of water

Disaccharides  Consist of monosaccharides joined by a. glycosidic linkage  examples

 maltose= glucose + fructose  sucrose = Polysaccharides  composed of many molecules of simple sugars (usually glucose) linked in long chains called polymers  energy storage for animals(glycogen), plants (cellulose or starch)  Structural support of fungi, insects, and anthropods is called chitin

 Triglycerides

contain glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty acids

 Poly unsaturated

maraming double bonds

 Includes cholesterol, vitamin d3, adrenocortical hormones, and sex hormones Amino acids and Proteins

 Proteins are large complex molecules composed of 20 kinds of amino acids  Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form a long, chain-like polymers  Through condensation process

 Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

single-stranded that directly codes for amino acids and acts as a messenger between DNA and Ribosomes to make proteins

Protobionts

precursor to early life and resemble very simple cells

Stromatolites

 Fossilized layered microbial mats

Origin of Metabolism

Autotrophs  Organisms that can synthesize their own food from inorganic sources using light or another source of energy

Heterotrophs

 Organisms that obtained their food supplies directly from the environment

Primary Heterotrophs

 The earliest postulated microorganisms

 Endosymbiotic Theory

Lyn Margulis

Cambrian Explosion

 Cambrian explosion, the unparalleled emergence of organisms between 541 million and approximately 530 million years ago at the beginning of the Cambrian Period