stuff i missed from objectives

6/6/26 moore scholars exam 2 ch 5, ch 6

What bonds do polar uncharged R groups form?

form hydrogen bonds

what does aminoacyl-tRNA synthatase do?

connects amino acids to tRNA

explain genetic code

its redundant b/c many codons code for same amino acid

explain tRNA structure

CCA sequence on 3’ end where amino acid joins

Present the argument that aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are directly responsible for translating the codon sequence in mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.

Because Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases attachthe correct amino acid to the tRNA whose anticodon matches a specific codon.

what do transcription factors do??

proteins that turn genes on by helping transcription begin

Why unrelated proteins may share the same functioning domains?

because evolution resuses functional domains or combines domains

what is example of first law of thermodynamics?

photosynthesis

what is enthalpy?

heat energy change

enzymes are NOT ____ in chemical reactions.

consumed

Where does reaction occurs on enzyme?

on the active site

how much ATP used in prepatory phase of glycosis?

2 ATP used

define substrate-level oxidation

phosphate group given directly to ADP

what are products of pyruvate oxidation?

2 acaetyl-coA

2 NADH

2 CO₂

what are products of citric acid cycle (2 turns)?

2 ATP

6 NADH

2 FADH₂

what happens in protein complex 1 ?

accept electrons from NADH

what happens in protein complex 2 ?

accept electrons from FADH₂

both prtoein complex 1 and 2 ______.

transfer electrons to coenzyme-Q

what happens in lactid acid fermentation?

NADH give e^- to pyruvate to make NAD⁺ and lactic acid

what happens in ethanol fermentation?

pyruvate releases CO₂ to make acetaldehyde. NADH give e- to acetaldehyde to make NAD+ and ethanol.

what is break down of triglycerol for glucose storage?

glycerol—> intermediate for glycolysis

fatty acids—> acetyl-coA