Cells (regents study)

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Small structures inside cells that have a specific function

Organelles

This organelle maintains homeostasis in cells by controlling what enters and exits cells.

Cell membrane

Movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration

• no energy required

Diffusion

Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

• no energy required

osmosis

Sometimes the cell needs to control the movement of molecules

• requires energy

• protein pumps

Active transport

The cell cycle is a very ______ process.

controlled

Regulation of the cell cycle is important for ______ cell growth.

healthy

To regulate means “to _____.”

control

Throughout the cell’s cycle, there are built in “____________” that are designed to be a check and balance system for the cell

checkpoints

information from both inside and outside the cell (internal and external) helps ______ the cell cycle

regulate

________ _______ are proteins that stimulate cell division

growth factors

External factors bind to a _______ on the cell membrane.

receptor

These internal factors include _______ and proteins that help a cell move through the cell cycle

enzymes

Just as cells need to grow and divide, other cells need to ___

die

The cell is broken down and its parts are ______ in building other molecules

reused

The process of programmed cell death is called _________

apoptosis

uncontrolled cell division is known as ______

cancer

Cancer cells form disorganized clumps called _____

tumors

_____ tumors remain clustered and can be removed

benign

______ tumors, meat size, or break away, and can form more tumors

malignant

Substances that are known to cause or lead to cancer are called ______

• air pollutants

• tobacco smoke

• UV rays

carcinogens