lab 9 - urinary system

Kidney

Fibrous (Renal) capsule

• outer layer of kidney

Renal hilum / hilus

Renal sinus

Renal cortex

Renal columns

• area between the pyramids

Renal medulla

• Deep darker area containing the pyramids and columns

Renal pyramids

Renal papilla

Nephrons

Cortical nephrons

Juxtaglomerular nephrons

Minor calyx (calyces)

• each kidney has 8-18

Major calyx (calyces)

• each kidney has 2-3

Renal pelvis

Ureter

Renal artery

Segmental arteries

• Renal artery divides and each segmental artery supplies one renal region

Interlobar arteries

• Blood vessels that pass through the columns between the pyramids

Arcuate arteries

• Blood vessels that form an arc between the cortex and the medulla

Cortical radiate arteries (interlobular arteries)

• Branch from arcuate arteries to enter the cortex

Afferent arterioles

• Branches from interlobular arteries and is where blood enters glomerulus

Glomerulus

Efferent arterioles

• blood exits glomerulus

Peritubular capillaries (associated with cortical nephrons)

• efferent arterioles divide to surround portions of the nephron in the cortex

Vasa recta (associated with juxtamedullary nephrons)

• Some efferent arterioles have long loop-shaped capillaries that surround portions of the nephron in the medulla

Cortical radiate veins (interlobular veins)

• Peritubular capillaries reunite to form interlobular veins

• Interlobular veins also receive blood from the vasa recta

Arcuate veins

• Receives blood from the interlobular veins

Interlobar veins

• Pass through the renal columns and receives blood from arcuate veins

Renal vein

Renal corpuscle

• Lies in the cortex and contains - Glomerulus & Bowman’s Capsule

Glomerulus

Afferent arteriole

• Branches from interlobular arteries and is where blood enters glomerulus

Efferent arteriole

• blood exits glomerulus

Glomerular capsule / Bowman’s capsule

• Double walled epithelial cup that surrounds the glomerulus

Parietal layer (simple squamous cells)

Visceral layer (podocytes)

Capsular space

Renal tubule

Proximal convoluted tubule

• Portion of renal tubule that lies in the cortex and is attached to the glomerulus and coiled

Loop of Henle

• Also called a nephron loop

• Extends into the medulla, makes a hairpin turn, and returns to the cortex

Descending limb

• Portion of the nephron loop that descends from the PCT into the medulla

Ascending limb

• Portion of the nephron loop that ascends from medulla and returns to the cortex, attaching to the DCT

Distal convoluted tubule

• Portion of renal tubule that lies in the cortex and is attached to the collecting duct and coiled

Collecting tubule (ducts)

• Several DCTs drain into one collecting duct

Papillary ducts

Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) / juxtaglomerular complex

• Regulates arterial blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys

Afferent arteriole with granular cells (smooth muscle cells)

Renal tubule (DCT or nephron loop) with macula densa cells

What do granular cells produce?

What is the function of macula densa cells?

Ureters

Urinary bladder

Rugae

Trigone

Detrusor muscle

Urethra

Prostatic (passes through prostate gland)

Membranous/intermediate (passes through urogenital diaphragm)

Spongy/penile (passes through corpus spongiosum of the penis)

External urethral orifice/meatus

Internal urethral sphincter

External urethral sphincter