Human A&P - Exam 3

name the sensory 1

vestibular cortex

name of sensory 2

somatosensory cortex

name of sensory 3

gustatory cortex (taste)

name of sensory 4

visual cortex

name of sensory 5

auditory cortex

name of sensory 6

olfactory cortex

pairs of cranial nerves

12 paired sets

olfactory (I) nerve

smell; sensory

optic (II) nerve

vision; sensory

oculomotor (III) nerve

movement of eyeballs and eyelids; motor - smooth cardiac effectors and somatic

trochlear (IV) nerve

eyeball movement; both (“pulley”)

trigeminal (V) nerve

three branches; both - face and mouth, largest cranial nerve (eye, upper jaw, lower jaw)

abducens (VI) nerve

lateral movement of the eyeballs; motor

facial (VII) nerve

five branches; temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical - both (face/neck)

auditory/vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve

two branches; sensory - hearing/vestibular

glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

tongue/throat; both

vagus (X) nerve

longest of the cranial nerve; both - extends into thoracic/upper abdominal regions

accessory/spinal (XI) nerve

posterior of the cranial nerve; motor - sternocleidomastoid/trapezius

hypoglossal (XIII) nerve

under the tongue; motor

longest cranial nerve

vagus (X) nerve

number of spinal nerves

31 pairs of mixed nerves that emerge from spinal cord

name of 29

olfactory bulb

name of 30

axons

name of 31

glomerulus

name of 32

synapses

name of 33

olfactory epithelium

name of 36

motor (efferent) division

• motor nerve fibers, conducts impulses from the CNS to the effectors (muscles and glands)

name of 37

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

name of 38

somatic nervous system

• somatic motor (voluntary)

name of 39

enteric nervous system (GI Tract, Digestive)

name of 40

cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands

peripheral nervous system

consists of cranial nerves & spinal nerves

chemoreceptors

taste cells of taste buds

mechanoreceptors

noiceptors (pain)

free nerve endings that detect harmful stimuli, extremes in pain, temp, etc

photoreceptors

detect light; found in the retina of the eye

thermoreceptors

detect changes in temperatures

branches of trigeminal nerve

three (eye, upper/lower jaw)

name 67

plasma - 55%

name 68

buffy coat

name 69

formed elements - 45%

basophils

0.5-1%

formed elements

45%

non-protein plasma solutes

plasma

55%

plasma proteins

what senses are apart of the nervous system

special senses

brainstem is made of what

three major regions (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata)

• most cranial nerves emerge from this part of the brain

special senses

more specialized in structure and localized in specific parts of the body

• smell, taste, sight, hearing, balance

sense

the ability to perceive stimuli

sensation

the process initiated by stimulating sensory receptors

perception

the conscious awareness of those stimuli

general senses

have receptors disturbed over a large part of the body

somatic senses

provide sensory information about the body and the environment

• superficial pain, touch, temperature

visceral senses

provide sensory information about various internal organs, involving deep pain and pressure

examples of general senses

examples of special senses

olfaction (smell), gustation (taste), vision (sight), auditory (hearing), equilibrium (balance)

papillae types

clusters of taste cells, taste buds, and/or touch receptors

filiform

filament shaped, most numerous, no taste buds/taste cells

vallate

largest, least numerous, have taste buds

fungiform

mushroom shaped, scattered, have taste buds

foliate

folds/sides of the tongue, contain most sensitive taste cells,

which tongue papillae lack taste buds

filiform

which tongue papillae have taste buds

vallate, fungiform, foliate

olfaction

primary 7 odors (musky, putrid, pungent, camphoraceous, ethereal, foral, peppermint)

camphoraceous

mothballs (naphtalene)

ethereal

volatile; ethers, solvents, dry cleaning fluid

floral

flowers

musky

perfumes

what can the upper respiratory tract perceive

olfaction

lifespan of erthrocyte

red blood cell, 120 days

sound wave/fluid wave vibrations converted into nerve impulses for hearing in inner ear

cochlea

tastant type that depolarizes cells by binding to hydrogen ions

sour

leukocyte contains faint-staining cytoplasmic granules, highly phagocytic in destroying bacterial invaders

neutrophils

leukocyte contains little to no cytoplasmic, large slightly curved nucleus, matures into macrophage

monocytes

yellow breakdown byproduct of hemoglobin metabolism produced when heme is broken down

bilirubin

ABO blood system

based on A/B antigens on RBC, Rh based on the presence/absence of Rh (D) antigen

acending tracts

carry sensory information upward from body to brain

• transmit - touch, pressure, pain, temp, body position

descending tracts

carry motor commands downward from brain to muscles and glands, control voluntary/involuntary movements

outer ear

auricle (pinna), external auditory canal, tympanic membrane

middle ear

malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, auditory tube

inner ear

cochlea, organ of corti, vesibule, semicircular canals, round window, vestibulocochlear nerve

sound pathway

auricle, exter. auditory canal, tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlea, organ of corti, vestibulocochlear nerve, brain