Gen Bio Final

A specific type of reproduction in which a new organism is an outgrowth of the parent is

Budding.

Angiosperms differ from most other plants in that they

Have flowers

When two species are harmed, it's called

Competition

A condition in which a diploid organism has different allelic forms of a particular gene is the definition of

Heterozygous

The Y chromosome is in the

Sperm

These are used as the basis of comparison when two samples of DNA are suspected of being from the same person.

Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs)

A type of algae rich in silica is(are)

Diatoms

If the world were to support the largest possible human population, all humans would need to be

Herbivores

An enzyme that works in the stomach may not work in the small intestine because

the pH of the stomach contents is different than that found in the intestine.

The development of a shelled egg allowed the ____ to become completely adapted to land.

Reptiles

The endoplasmic reticulum

functions in internal transport of macromolecules.

Gene-splicing procedures may be performed with small loops of bacterial DNA that are not part of the main chromosome. These small DNA loops are called

Plasmids

The sporophyte generation

Is diploid

The optimum condition for an enzyme

is where it works best.

____ convert nitrogen gas to nitrogen that plants can use

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

A control group differs from an experimental group

by the independent variable.

Researchers have shown that turnips can produce interferon (an antiviral agent) and tobacco plants can create antibodies to fight human disease as a result of controlled genetic alteration. Such plants are known as

Genetically Modified (GM) organisms

There has been great success in using genetically modified bacteria to clean up oil spills and toxic waste dumps called

Bioremediation

If a habitat is where you live, a niche is

What you do there

One-celled species of fungi such as Saccharomycescerevisiae (used in bread- and beer-making) are commonly known as

Yeast

An organic molecule contains two or more atoms of

carbon

Members of this group of protozoa are decomposers responsible for these infectious diseases

giardiasis (gastroenteritis), trichomoniasis (sexually transmitted disease), and trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness — Trypanosoma gambiense)

The difference between an ecosystem and a community is that the ecosystem has something a community does not have; the ecosystem has

Nonliving parts

Tiny aquatic organisms that swim or move with water currents are

Plankton

During anaphase

daughter chromosomes migrate to the poles.

If the number and kinds of organisms in a region remains constant for 50-100 years, this is evidence that

It is a climax community

Fungi are

Decomposers

The pleating or coiling of a protein is known as the protein's ____ structure

secondary

The amount of rain an area gets is part of an organism's

Abiotic factors

Which one of the following represents a generative process?

Cell division

A chemical reactant is one that

enters into a chemical reaction.

Which of the following is an example of an enzyme-substrate complex?

sucrose-sucrase

The taxonomic subdivisions from largest to smallest are

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM ) is a form of photosynthesis that

encourages the light-independent reactions to take place at night.

Fats are

Both B and C are correct.

The greatest amount of kinetic energy is found in

gases.

Which of the following nutrient cycles relies heavily on the role of bacteria?

Nitrogen cycle

Two genes located on the same chromosome are

Linked

Hydrogens are combined with oxygen at the completion of

the electron transport system.

A sugar with three carbon atoms is a

triose sugar.

The importance of enzymatic competition is that

different end products can be formed at different times when needed.

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate can do all of the following except

produce trace elements required for plant growth (nitrogen, magnesium, phosphorus, etc.).

What structure contains the main information storage system of eukaryotes?

nucleus

What is a fluke?

A flat parasitic worm

Osmosis is the

net movement of water across a differentially permeable membrane.

In the metabolism of a fatty acid to obtain energy, one of the first steps is that the fatty acid is broken down to

glycerol.

A neutral atom with an atomic number of 15 will have ____ electrons in its outermost energy level.

5

An animal that feeds on living material but does not kill the animal it feeds on is a

Parasite

A storage container in a cell is generally called a(n)

vacuole

Single-celled, eukaryotic, organisms without cell walls or chlorophyll are found in the Kingdom

Protista

Triglycerides contain three fatty acids and

one glycerol

This is the type of cell division used by most prokaryotes

binary fission

In the mutualistic relationship of lichens, ____ provide moisture and attachment while ____ provide food.

Fungi; algae

The scientific method involves each of the following EXCEPT

formulation of laws and principles that control the observed facts.

In plants, vascular tissues move

Water

The science that names and groups organisms is

Taxonomy

Algae produce nearly half of the world's supply of

Oxygen

In comparing aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration, how much more effective is aerobic cellular respiration in net energy release?

18 times (36 ATP

Using this technique it is possible to show the nucleotide sequence differences among individuals since no two people have the same nucleotide sequences.

Genetic fingerprinting

ATP is produced by

All of these choices are correct. (ATP)

Members of this group of animals have the following characteristics: spines on surface; radial symmetry; marine habitats only; tube feet; and water vascular systems

Echinodermata

The interaction between two organisms, called commensalism

Always benefits one of the organisms and does not affect the other

Storage of energy is a major function of

fats.

Which of the following is a chemical reaction that is also known as digestion?

hydrolysis

Carbohydrates can be converted into

All of these choices are correct. (carbs)

In the phosphorus cycle the ultimate source of phosphorus is

Rock

Which of the following tests would be the best for determining if a cell were carrying on photosynthesis?

Does the cell release oxygen?

Stroma and grana are found in the

Chloroplast

A homozygous condition would be the possession of alleles for

Red hair and red hair

Which of the following is involved in the synthesis and packaging of certain molecules produced for secretion by a cell?

Golgi apparatus

Which one of the following is the most primitive vascular plant?

fern

A region that has large grassy areas with scattered trees is a

savanna

The pH of a strong base is closest to

12

"I've gotten the same result over and over again!" This statement BEST demonstrates

reliability

Which of the following would be an external parasite?

A flea that lives among the feathers and feeds on the blood of a bird

When an amino acid is converted to a keto acid, it

loses nitrogen.

An order can be subdivided into

families

Which of the following organelles contains enzymes that are able to manufacture H2O2?

peroxisomes

Which one of the following is TRUE with regard to the numbers of subatomic particles in an atom?

The atomic number always equals the number of protons.

A phospholipid is similar to a fat but has

a phosphate group.

A food chain always begins with

Photosynthetic autotrophs

Which one of the following does NOT apply to RNA?

The sugar is deoxyribose

A heterotrophic, unicellular, eukaryotic cell is a(n)

protozoan

When a glacier retreats it leaves behind rocks and there is no living thing present. If succession occurs in such cases, one of the first processes that must take place is

Formation of soil

This kind of mutation causes a ribosome to stop protein syntheses by introducing a stop codon too early

nonsense

Mosses are restricted to moist environments because they require water for

Fertilization to occur

Enzymes are most directly involved with

control processes.

During their life spans, green plants give off more oxygen to the atmosphere than they take in for use in

respiration

All amphibians must return to the water to

reproduce

The total (gross) number of ATPs produced from glycolysis is estimated to be

4

The end product of glycolysis is

pyruvic acid.

Alternation of sporophyte and gametophyte generations is a characteristic of

plantae

When electrons in a covalent bond are not equally shared, the molecule is said to be

polar

Which of the following is likely to have the lowest numbers in an ecosystem?

carnivores

A single dominant gene that produces abnormal connective tissue causes Marfan syndrome. Individuals with the condition exhibit symptoms such as nearsightedness, long thin appendages, and a weak aorta. Marfan syndrome is an example of

Pleiotropy

A given enzyme works on

one type of substrate.

A gene that can be masked by another gene is called

recessive

The loss of water from the surface of plants is

transpiration

"OUCH!! My muscles are really sore! I've been exercising at such a frantic rate that . . ."

All of these choices are true. (muscles)

Which of the following is important in a hypothesis?

All of the above are true. (hypothesis)