A&P 1 WS 43-47 Study Guide
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Unit 3: Quiz 2 study
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41 Terms
What is the average weight of a brain?
Around 3 pounds.
What percentage of the body's total energy does the brain consume?
About 20 percent.
How many synapses are estimated to be in the brain?
In the trillions.
What is the thickest layer of the meninges?
The dura.
What does the arachnoid mater cover?
The brain and spinal cord.
What supports the brain by helping it float?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
What allows CSF to circulate around the brain and spinal cord?
Interconnections between the four ventricles and the central canal.
Where is the majority of CSF produced?
By the choroid plexus in each ventricle.
What is the appearance of the cerebrum?
Somewhat wrinkled, covered with ridges and folds.
What divides each hemisphere of the cerebrum into smaller portions?
Smaller fissures.
How do the two cerebral hemispheres communicate?
Through the corpus callosum.
What helps us store memories?
The cerebrum.
Which sides of the body do the cerebral hemispheres control?
The opposite sides.
Which hemisphere controls the left side of the body?
The right hemisphere.
What region of the cerebrum controls motor function?
The primary motor cortex.
Which body parts take up the majority of the motor cortex?
The hand and face.
What fine-tunes voluntary muscle movements?
Neural inputs from areas throughout the cerebral cortex.
Where is Broca's area found?
In only one of the hemispheres.
What does Broca's area control?
Muscles involved with speech.
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?
In the parietal lobe on the postcentral gyrus.
What happens when people suffer damage to Broca's area?
They often lose the ability to speak.
What can the brain distinguish without looking?
Whether a round object is a marble or a grape.
What is said about the left hemisphere?
It is the seat of logic, reasoning, and planning.
What connects the right and left hemispheres?
White matter bands in the corpus callosum.
What affects your attentiveness and sleep cycles?
The hypothalamus.
Where is the midbrain located?
Between the diencephalon and the pons.
What are the colliculi involved in?
Hearing and vision.
What does the pons mean?
Bridge.
What happens to most fibers in the pyramidal tracts before reaching the spinal cord?
They decussate (cross over) to the opposite side.
What is the most commonly cited cause of tension headaches?
Stress.
How do migraine headaches generally compare to tension headaches?
They are generally more severe.
What connects the cerebellum and brainstem?
Three bundles of white matter called peduncles.
What does the cerebellum make you aware of?
Your position.
What percentage of the body's oxygen and glucose does the brain require?
About 20 percent.
What can result from a loss of oxygen for as little as four minutes?
Permanent brain damage.
What artery's pulse can be felt by pressing on the neck near the Adam's apple?
The internal carotid artery.
What connects the right and left anterior cerebral arteries?
The anterior communicating artery.
What can strokes result in?
Permanent neurological damage or death.
What can cause blockages in arteries?
Buildup of atherosclerotic plaques or blood clots.
What causes a hemorrhagic stroke?
Bleeding into the space around the brain.
How can circulation to the brain be maintained?
By blood flow from other arteries in the circle of Willis.