Unit 7: Human Rights, Part II

Background:

The country Isreal was oprginally separated into West Bank, Gaza, and Jersuelam, 3,000 years ago the land was ruled by Britsih kings and in 135AD the Jewish population began to be pushed out of this regin and was controlled by Mulsims and Christians and aroun the 7th century arab leaders controlled the land

Diaspora:

The Jewish population are all spread out all over the world and do not have a country to call their own. After WW11 the UN decided the Jewish population should have its own counrty, and in 1948 the UN voted for partition to break up land and give some to the Jewish population and it passes. Isrel becomes a country on May 14th, 1948.

Yassir Arafat

becomes the face of the PLO (leader), under him the PLO carries out many attacks against Israel and their surrounding countries allow the PLO to organize and set up attacks in their own countries

Settlements

Many Israeli people are starting to move and settle in areas and neighborhoods for Palestinian people and they are not happy

Palestine:

In the 20th century Palestine was ruled by the Ottoman empire, after WW11 was given to the British and they tried to create a homeland for the Jewish population, it consists of the West Bank and Gaza, and is the strip of land Israel and Palestine are fighting over

Camp David Accords

This is a peace effort, US president becomes mediator (Jimmy Carter), there is the president of Egypt an the prime minister of Israel, Egypt agrees to recognize Israel as a country in return Israel agrees to give the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt

Zionism

Many Israeli people are starting to move and settle in areas and neighborhoods for Palestinian people, and they are not happy 

First Intifada

First time Palestinians came together to assert their anger, initially was non-violent (labor strike, boycotts), and becomes violent when an Israeli truck was accused of intentionally crashing killing 4 Palestinian people, and the intifada becomes very violent, stone throwing at IDF, civil disobedience 

Second Intifada

Period of intense Palestinian violence against Israel especially the IDF and on the borders, characterized by sucide bombings armed attacks, riesling in many deaths 

Six Day War

Started because a number of Arab counrties were planning to attack Isarel, and Isrel decided to attack thoes coutries and it was an esay victoy for Isreak

• They end up gaining the Sinai oennuslia, west bank, gaza strip, and golden heights

• Isrel considers Jersulam to be their capital and in 2017, US moved embassy to Jerusalem considering it Israel's capital 

Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)

This forms in 1964, orginally made up of regular people but later on becomes more of a millitant groupk, they said they could only achieve their gaol through armed resistance, and their goal was to have a Plaisteian country  

• They wanted a 2 state soulation which puts away land for Palistien and Israel

Balfour Decleration

a letter send to Zionist leaders asking and hoping for British support in make a Britsish Jewish Palistien

Israeli Defense Forces:

This is the national military of Israel, they are responsible for protecting and fighting for Israel, especially against the Palestinian people

Oslo Peace Accords

When Bill Clinton invited both the prime minister of Israel and Yasser Arafat, leader of the PLO. At the meeting, Israeli Prime Minister grants Palestinians self rule in Gaza and the West Bank in return, Yassir agrees to end the intifada, and after this, the prime minister is assassinated

Ayatollah Khomeini

 Comes back from exile and takes control while the Shah is gone, the revolution takes place because he did not agree with westernization. When he comes into power, Iran turns into an Islamic republic, and the country is driven by religion and says the US is its enemy

Iran Hostage Crisis:

This happened after the Iranian revolution, and it was when Iranians stormed the US embassy and captured 52 Americans and held them hostage for over a year. This created major tensions with the US and was the reason why Jimmy Carter lost the election

1979 Iranian Revolution

 This was when millions of people rose up against the Shah, and he sent religious leaders into exile because many of them did not support Western influence