Rels 203 Shinto & Mahayana Buddhism

Zen

________: A school of Mahayana Buddhism that emphasizes the practice of meditation (zazen) as the means to realize the nature of Buddha- mind and attain enlightenment.

Lotus Sutra

________: A Mahāyāna text that emphasizes the potential for all individuals to attain Buddhahood.

Torii

________: A traditional Japanese gate that marks the entrance to a Shinto shrine and symbolizes the boundary between the profane and sacred.

Matsuri

________: A Japanese term for festivals or rituals held at Shinto shrines to honor and communicate with the kami.

Ujigami

________: A term in Shinto that refers to a clan deity believed to protect and support the life and social functions of the clan.

Tendai

________: A Japanese Buddhist school that emphasizes the Lotus Sutra and the bodhisattva ideal.

Honji suijaku

________: A concept in Japanese Buddhism and Shinto that posits the idea that the kami are the manifestation of Buddhist deities.

Ālayavijñāna

________ " (storehouse consciousness): "A concept in Yogācāra philosophy that refers to the underlying consciousness that stores all past experiences and actions.

Todaiji

________: A Buddhist temple complex in Nara, Japan, known for its massive bronze Buddha statue.

Vasubandhu

________: A philosopher and commentator on Buddhist texts who played an important role in the development of the Yogācāra school.

Kamidana

________: A miniature Shinto shrine typically found in Japanese homes or businesses to honor and communicate with the kami.

Bodhisattva

________: A being who has attained enlightenment but chooses to remain in the world to help others achieve liberation.

Kumarajiva

________: A Buddhist scholar and translator who played an important role in spreading Buddhism in China.

patience

Six perfections (ṣaṭpāramitā): Six virtues cultivated by bodhisattvas, including generosity, morality, ________, energy, meditation, and wisdom.

Sukhavati

________: The Pure Land, a realm where those who have devoted themselves to Amitabha can attain rebirth.

Maitreya

________: A bodhisattva associated with loving- kindness and often depicted as the future Buddha.

Avalokiteshvara

________: A bodhisattva associated with compassion and often depicted with multiple arms and eyes.

Stupa

________: A monument containing Buddhist relics, often in the form of a dome- shaped structure.

Mappo

________: The "Latter Days of the Dharma, "a period of decline in Buddhist teachings and practice.

Shingon

________: A Japanese Buddhist school that emphasizes tantric practices.

Shotoku

________: A historical figure in Japan who played an important role in the spread of Buddhism.

Bhāviveka

________: A Madhyamaka philosopher who criticized the Yogācāra school.

Kami

________: A term in Shinto that refers to deities, spirits, or forces of nature that are worshipped and revered by the Japanese people.

Nara

________: A city in Japan that served as the capital from 710 to 794 CE, during which time Buddhism became firmly established in Japan.

Nāgārjuna

________: A Madhyamaka philosopher who wrote extensively on the concept of emptiness.

Hīnayāna

________: One of the two major branches of Buddhism, characterized by a focus on individual liberation.

Bodhicitta

________: The aspiration to attain enlightenment for the benefit of all sentient beings.

Madhyamaka

________: A philosophical school of Buddhism that emphasizes the concept of emptiness.

Yogācāra

________: A philosophical school of Buddhism that emphasizes the concept of consciousness.

Nichiren

________: A Japanese Buddhist monk who founded the ________ school of Buddhism, which teaches the chanting of the mantra "Nam- myoho- renge- kyo "as the exclusive practice for attaining enlightenment.

Asaṅga

________: A philosopher and founder of the Yogācāra school.

Amaterasu Omikami

________: The sun goddess and one of the most important deities in the Shinto pantheon, who is believed to be the ancestor of Japan's imperial family.

Kojiki

________: A Japanese historical text that chronicles the mythology and early history of Japan.

Nihonshoki

________: Also known as the Nihongi, this is a second early chronicle of Japan's history and mythology, which was compiled in the early 8th century.

Mudrā

________: Symbolic hand gestures used in Buddhist practice to represent various concepts.

Izanagi Izanami

________: According to Japanese mythology, Izanagi and Izanami were the gods who created the islands of Japan and gave birth to many of the other gods and goddesses in the Shinto pantheon.

Amitabha

________: A Buddha associated with the Pure Land tradition.

Mahāyāna

One of the two major branches of Buddhism, characterized by a focus on the bodhisattva ideal and the concept of emptiness

Three Turnings of the Wheel

A categorization of Buddhist teachings into three stages, associated with different historical figures and texts

Stupa

A monument containing Buddhist relics, often in the form of a dome-shaped structure

Mudrā

Symbolic hand gestures used in Buddhist practice to represent various concepts

Bodhisattva

A being who has attained enlightenment but chooses to remain in the world to help others achieve liberation

Six perfections (ṣaṭpāramitā)

Six virtues cultivated by bodhisattvas, including generosity, morality, patience, energy, meditation, and wisdom

Bodhicitta

The aspiration to attain enlightenment for the benefit of all sentient beings

Hīnayāna

One of the two major branches of Buddhism, characterized by a focus on individual liberation

Three Bodies (trikāya) of a Buddha

The three aspects of a Buddha's existence, including the Dharmakāya, Sambhogakāya, and Nirmāṇakāya

Skill-in-means (upāya)

The use of various methods to help individuals attain enlightenment

Lotus Sutra

A Mahāyāna text that emphasizes the potential for all individuals to attain Buddhahood

Avalokiteshvara

A bodhisattva associated with compassion and often depicted with multiple arms and eyes

Maitreya

A bodhisattva associated with loving-kindness and often depicted as the future Buddha

Madhyamaka

A philosophical school of Buddhism that emphasizes the concept of emptiness

Bhāviveka

A Madhyamaka philosopher who criticized the Yogācāra school

Yogācāra

A philosophical school of Buddhism that emphasizes the concept of consciousness

Nāgārjuna

A Madhyamaka philosopher who wrote extensively on the concept of emptiness

Sanlun

The Chinese Madhyamaka school

Kumarajiva

A Buddhist scholar and translator who played an important role in spreading Buddhism in China

Asaṅga

A philosopher and founder of the Yogācāra school

Vasubandhu

A philosopher and commentator on Buddhist texts who played an important role in the development of the Yogācāra school

Ālayavijñāna ("storehouse consciousness")

A concept in Yogācāra philosophy that refers to the underlying consciousness that stores all past experiences and actions

Faxiang

The Chinese Yogācāra school

Pure Land Buddhism

A Mahāyāna tradition focused on devotion to Amitabha Buddha and the attainment of rebirth in the Pure Land

Amitabha

A Buddha associated with the Pure Land tradition

Sukhavati

The Pure Land, a realm where those who have devoted themselves to Amitabha can attain rebirth

Jingtu

The Chinese Pure Land tradition

Jodo

The Japanese Pure Land tradition

Chan (Zen) Buddhism

A Mahāyāna tradition focused on meditation and the attainment of enlightenment through direct experience

Milo

The Japanese name for the Chan (Zen) tradition

Shotoku

A historical figure in Japan who played an important role in the spread of Buddhism

Tendai

A Japanese Buddhist school that emphasizes the Lotus Sutra and the bodhisattva ideal

Shingon

A Japanese Buddhist school that emphasizes tantric practices

mappo

The "Latter Days of the Dharma," a period of decline in Buddhist teachings and practice

Zen

A school of Mahayana Buddhism that emphasizes the practice of meditation (zazen) as the means to realize the nature of Buddha-mind and attain enlightenment

Nichiren

A Japanese Buddhist monk who founded the Nichiren school of Buddhism, which teaches the chanting of the mantra "Nam-myoho-renge-kyo" as the exclusive practice for attaining enlightenment

kami

A term in Shinto that refers to deities, spirits, or forces of nature that are worshipped and revered by the Japanese people

Kojiki

A Japanese historical text that chronicles the mythology and early history of Japan

Nihonshoki

Also known as the Nihongi, this is a second early chronicle of Japan's history and mythology, which was compiled in the early 8th century

Ujigami

A term in Shinto that refers to a clan deity believed to protect and support the life and social functions of the clan

Izanagi/Izanami

According to Japanese mythology, Izanagi and Izanami were the gods who created the islands of Japan and gave birth to many of the other gods and goddesses in the Shinto pantheon

Nara

A city in Japan that served as the capital from 710 to 794 CE, during which time Buddhism became firmly established in Japan

Todaiji

A Buddhist temple complex in Nara, Japan, known for its massive bronze Buddha statue

Amaterasu Omikami

The sun goddess and one of the most important deities in the Shinto pantheon, who is believed to be the ancestor of Japan's imperial family

torii

A traditional Japanese gate that marks the entrance to a Shinto shrine and symbolizes the boundary between the profane and sacred

matsuri

A Japanese term for festivals or rituals held at Shinto shrines to honor and communicate with the kami

honji suijaku

A concept in Japanese Buddhism and Shinto that posits the idea that the kami are the manifestation of Buddhist deities

sandō

A pathway leading from outside the shrine compound to the front of a Shinto shrine

kamidana

A miniature Shinto shrine typically found in Japanese homes or businesses to honor and communicate with the kami